Methodological framework for World Health Organization estimates of the global burden of foodborne disease

Background: The Foodborne Disease Burden Epidemiology Reference Group (FERG) was established in 2007 by the World Health Organization to estimate the global burden of foodborne diseases (FBDs). This paper describes the methodological framework developed by FERG's Computational Task Force to transform epidemiological information into FBD burden estimates. Methods and Findings: The global and regional burden of 31 FBDs was quantified, along with limited estimates for 5 other FBDs, using Disability-Adjusted Life Years in a hazard- and incidence-based approach. To accomplish this task, the following workflow was defined: outline of disease models and collection of epidemiological data; design and completion of a database template; development of an imputation model; identification of disability weights; probabilistic burden assessment; and estimating the proportion of the disease burden by each hazard that is attributable to exposure by food (i.e., source attribution). All computations were performed in R and the different functions were compiled in the R package 'FERG'. Traceability and transparency were ensured by sharing results and methods in an interactive way with all FERG members throughout the process. Conclusions: We developed a comprehensive framework for estimating the global burden of FBDs, in which methodological simplicity and transparency were key elements. All the tools developed have been made available and can be translated into a user-friendly national toolkit for studying and monitoring food safety at the local level

Review of influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis in ICU patients and proposal for a case definition: an expert opinion

Purpose: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is increasingly reported in patients with influenza admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Classification of patients with influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA) using the current definitions for invasive fungal diseases has proven difficult, and our aim was to develop case definitions for IAPA that can facilitate clinical studies. Methods: A group of 29 international experts reviewed current insights into the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of IAPA and proposed a case definition of IAPA through a process of informal consensus. Results: Since IAPA may develop in a wide range of hosts, an entry criterion was proposed and not host factors. The entry criterion was defined as a patient requiring ICU admission for respiratory distress with a positive influenza test temporally related to ICU admission. In addition, proven IAPA required histological evidence of invasive septate hyphae and mycological evidence for Aspergillus. Probable IAPA required the detection of galactomannan or positive Aspergillus culture in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) or serum with pulmonary infiltrates or a positive culture in upper respiratory samples with bronchoscopic evidence for tracheobronchitis or cavitating pulmonary infiltrates of recent onset. The IAPA case definitions may be useful to classify patients with COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA), while awaiting further studies that provide more insight into the interaction between Aspergillus and the SARS-CoV-2-infected lung. Conclusion: A consensus case definition of IAPA is proposed, which will facilitate research into the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of this emerging acute and severe Aspergillus disease, and may be of use to study CAPA

Szeghalom Város Önkormányzatának és a Péter András Gimnázium és Szigeti Endre Szakképző Iskola nevű intézményének pénzügyi helyzete 2006-2008. években

&lt;p&gt;Background&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Listeriosis is a rare disease caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes and mainly affects at risk people. Listeriosis can lead to sepsis, central nervous system (CNS) infections and death. The objectives of this study were to describe and quantify comorbidities and neurological sequelae underlying non-perinatal listeriosis cases and to describe the factors associated with death and CNS infections in non-perinatal listeriosis.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Methods&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;We retrospectively collected clinical data through computerized, paper or microfilmed medical records in two Belgian university hospitals. Logistic regression models and likelihood ratio tests allowed identifying factors associated with death and CNS infections.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Results&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Sixty-four cases of non-perinatal listeriosis were included in the clinical case series and 84&amp;nbsp;% were affected by at least one comorbid condition. The main comorbidities were cancer, renal and severe cardio-vascular diseases. Twenty-nine patients (45&amp;nbsp;%) suffered from a CNS infection and 14 patients (22&amp;nbsp;%) died during hospitalization, among whom six (43&amp;nbsp;%) had a CNS involvement. Among surviving patients, eleven suffered from neurological sequelae (22&amp;nbsp;%) at hospital discharge; all had CNS infection. Five of these patients (45&amp;nbsp;%) still suffered of their neurological sequelae after a median follow-up of one year (range: 0.08&amp;ndash;19). The factor associated with death during the hospitalization was the presence of a severe cardiovascular disease (OR&amp;thinsp;=&amp;thinsp;4.72, p&amp;thinsp;=&amp;thinsp;0.015). Two factors inversely related with CNS infections were antibiotic monotherapy (OR&amp;thinsp;=&amp;thinsp;0.28, p&amp;thinsp;=&amp;thinsp;0.04) and the presence of renal disease (OR&amp;thinsp;=&amp;thinsp;0.18, p&amp;thinsp;=&amp;thinsp;0.02).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Conclusions&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;In a public health context these results could be a starting point for future burden of listeriosis studies taking into account comorbidity.&lt;/p&gt;</p

Flourish of Seaways - Voyage with Rout-Maps Maritime Museum Storing (2nd Report) -

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Pharmacokinetics of extended dose intervals of micafungin in haematology patients: optimizing antifungal prophylaxis

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Infections associated with immunotherapeutic and molecular targeted agents in hematology and oncology. A position paper by the European Conference on Infections in Leukemia (ECIL)

A multitude of new agents for the treatment of hematologic malignancies has been introduced over the past decade. Hematologists, infectious disease specialists, stem cell transplant experts, pulmonologists and radiologists have met within the framework of the European Conference on Infections in Leukemia (ECIL) to provide a critical state-of-the-art on infectious complications associated with immunotherapeutic and molecular targeted agents used in clinical routine. For brentuximab vedotin, blinatumomab, CTLA4- and PD-1/PD-L1-inhibitors as well as for ibrutinib, idelalisib, HDAC inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, ruxolitinib, and venetoclax, a detailed review of data available until August 2018 has been conducted, and specific recommendations for prophylaxis, diagnostic and differential diagnostic procedures as well as for clinical management have been developed

Caspofungin versus liposomal amphotericin B for empirical antifungal therapy in patients with persistent fever and neutropenia.

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