NOVIWAM : Five European countries together for improving water quality and water use efficiency

The European NOVIWAM (NOvel Integrated Water Management Systems for Southern European Regions, www.noviwam.eu) program aims to promote interregional co-operation in the field of water management tools and methods. One of its originality is to analyze in depth the relations between decision makers, stakeholders and researchers in order to disseminate know-how and technologies, and to tackle the compelling water management problems faced in the Euro-Mediterranean climate regions. In a first period, aiming at a good ecological and chemical state of waters and at a sustainable and efficient resource management, five European countries/regions (Albania, Cyprus, Poitou-Charentes in France, Northern Region in Portugal and Andalusia in Spain) are working together. The program will thus contribute to the objectives of the European Water Framework Directive. But additionally, the NOVIWAM program will establish a schedule for the implementation of a « Join action plan », trying to involve other countries into it, and generalize the conclusions of this three year work at a regional and international level.NOVIWAM (Grant Agreement nº 245460

Taxiphyllin from Henriettella fascicularis

(2R)-alpha-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-4-hydroxybenzeneaceto- nitrile (taxiphyllin) dihydrate, C14H17NO7.2H(2)O, is a naturally occurring cyanogenetic glycoside which has been isolated from Henriettella fascicularis (Sw.) C. Wright (Melastomataceae). Its structure is stabilized by a wealth of intermolecular O-H...O and O-H...N hydrogen bonds spun into a three-dimensional network. Further stabilization arises from an intramolecular O-H...O bond and weak intermolecular C-H...O interactions. The very anisotropic growth speeds of the basal pinacoids from methanol mirror a certain structural inhomogeneity

Farm-SAFE: The process of developing a plot- and farm-scale model of arable, forestry, and silvoarable economics

Financial feasibility and financial return are two key issues that farmers and land owners consider when deciding between alternative land uses such as arable farming, forestry and agroforestry. Moreover regional variations in yields, prices and government grants mean that the relative revenue and cost of such systems can vary substantially within Europe. To aid our understanding of these variations, the European Commission sponsored a research project called “Silvoarable Agroforestry For Europe” (SAFE). This paper describes the process of developing a new economic model within that project. The initial stages included establishing criteria for the model with end-users and reviewing the literature and existing models. This indicated that the economic model needed to allow comparison of arable farming, forestry and agroforestry systems at a plot- and a farm-scale. The form of comparisons included net margins, net present values, infinite net present values, equivalent annual values, and labour requirements. It was decided that the model would operate in a spreadsheet format, and the effect of phased planting patterns would be included at a farm- scale. Following initial development, additional user feedback led to a final choice on a model name, a final method of collating input data, and the inclusion of field-based operations such as varying the cropped area, replacing dead trees, and pruning. In addition options in terms of improved graphical outputs and the ability to undertake sensitivity analysis were developed. Some of the key lessons learnt include the need to establish clear model criteria and the benefits of developing a working prototype at an early stage to gain user- feed