Myeloid Sarcoma Involving the Breast

Myeloid sarcoma is a tumor mass with extramedullary growth pattern, composed of myeloblasts or immature myeloid cells. The development of myeloid sarcoma may precede or concur with acute or chronic myeloid leukemia (AML or CML) or other myeloproliferative diseases or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Isolated myeloid sarcoma of the breast is very rare. A case is presented of a 25-year-old, previously healthy woman that presented to our department for a palpable node, 5x2 cm in size, in the upper medial quadrant of her left breast. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) produced a sample consisting of medium sized blasts. Additional work-up revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis, along with atypical blasts detected in peripheral blood and bone marrow smear. Based on the morphology, cytochemical characteristics and immature cell immunophenotype, it was considered a case of acute myeloid leukemia without maturation. In spite of intensive chemotherapy, the patient died within a year of diagnosis. In cases of isolated breast myeloid sarcoma, the diagnosis can be missed if the possibility of myeloid sarcoma is not remembered on differential diagnosis of a breast neoplasm

The Analysis of the Unstable Tibia Fracture Treatment Applying Internal Stabilization Method

The study included 51 patients with tibia fractures, who underwent percutaneous bone reposition and stabilization with unrimed tibial locking nail. The results obtained using this method were compared with those obtained by standard fracture treatment where flat and anatomic plates were applied (n=64). In patients who had osteosynthetic material implanted percutaneously (using unrimed tibial locking nail) there was no incidence of post surgical osteitis or any pseudarthrosis. The healing callus of the fracture was of lesser quality and spindle shaped, suggesting that fracture stabilization using this method was less efficient. In patients with fractures stabilized by the open method using flat and anatomic plates (n=64), we noticed 3.1% (n=2) cases of osteitis and 4.7% (n=3) cases of pseudarthrosis. Due to lesser incidence of postoperative osteitis, our method of choice in tibia fractures would be percutaneous stabilization with unrimed tibial locking nail. However, this treatment method has its disadvantages, too. Fracture callus is of lesser quality and it is spindle shaped. Furthermore, there are problems with adequate percutaneous reposition in some cases, as well as necessity for radiological checking

Slijed pleistocenskih kopnenih sedimenata s morskim fosilima na otoku Mljetu, istočni Jadran (Hrvatska)

Small areas of Pleistocene sands occurring on islands in the eastern Adriatic, Croatia, record environmental and depositional conditions during climate changes of that period. The Pleistocene deposits of the Island of Mljet located in the south-eastern Adriatic have been studied using mapping, logging, facies analysis, petrography, heavy minerals and fossil content. The studied sediments include modified deposits, aeolian deposits and fluvial deposits. Modified sediments originated from previously deposited sands and minor gravels which experienced pedogenic homogenisation. Aeolian deposits are represented by deflationary gravel, dune cross-stratified sands and low-angle laminated sands. Aeolian sands were mostly sourced from exposed, shallow-marine sands. Fluvial deposits include gravels reworked from the slope and colluvial sediments related to the carbonate bedrock, and recycled aeolian sands, which were deposited by high-gradient streams. Two tephra horizons represent former sand-grade volcaniclastic material reworked by streams, mixed with aeolian sand and deposited from river floods shortly after eruption and ash fall. The studied succession includes major stratigraphic surfaces (=super bounding surfaces) related to processes of landscape stabilisation and stratigraphic gaps. The lower, modified part of the succession originated during an interglacial (or interstadial) period. Subsequent aeolian sands reflect the onset of a glacial period characterised by strong, cold winds, and an initial sea-level fall which resulted in the exposure of shallow-marine sands, making them a source for the aeolian sands. It is tentatively proposed that the base of the aeolian deposits corresponds to the onset of the Last Glacial period.Male pojave pleistocenskih pijesaka na otocima istočnoga Jadrana Hrvatske bilježe okolišne i taložne uvjete u vrijeme klimatskih promjena toga razdoblja. Pleistocenski sedimenti otoka Mljeta, koji je smješten u jugoistočnom Jadranu, proučeni su pomoću kartiranja, mjerenja stupova, analize faciesa, petrografije, teških minerala i fosila. Proučeni sedimenti obuhvaćaju modificirane taložine, eolske taložine i fluvijalne taložine. Modificirani sedimenti nastali su iz ranije taloženih pijesaka i manje šljunaka, koji su pedogenetski homogenizirani. Eolski sediment su deflacijski šljunak, križno-stratificirani pijesci dina i nisko-kutno laminirani pijesci. Eolski pijesci većinom potječu iz okopnjenih orskih pijesaka. Fluvijalni sedimenti uključuju šljunke riječno prerađene iz padinskih i koluvijalnih taložina vezanih za karbonatno gorje, te reciklirane eolske pijeske, koji su, jedni i drugi, taloženi iz struja visokoga gradijenta. Dva horizonta tefre predstavljaju raniji vulkanoklastični materijal pješčane veličine zrna, koji je, ubrzo nakon erupcije i padanja pepela, bio prerađen strujama, miješan s više ili manje eolskog pijeska i konačno istaložen pomoću riječnih poplava. Proučeni slijed uključuje glavne stratigrafske plohe (=granične super-plohe) vezane za procese stabilizacije krajolika i stratigrafske praznine. Donji, modificirani dio proučenoga taložnog slijeda nastao je u vrijeme jednog interglacijala (ili interstadijala). Naredni eolski pijesci odražavaju početak jednog glacijalnog razdoblja označenog snažnim, hladnim vjetrovima, te početni pad morske razine koji je doveo do izlaganja plitkomorskih pijesaka i učinio ih tako izvorom za eolske pijeske. Provizorno se predlaže da se dno eolskih sedimenata razumije kao početak Zadnjega Glacijala

How can ski resorts get smart? Transdisciplinary approaches to sustainable winter tourism in the European Alps

Climate change and the call for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the efficient use of (renewable) energy, and more resilient winter tourism regions, forces ski resorts across the European Alps to look for \u201csmart\u201d approaches to transition towards a sustainable, low-carbon economy. Drawing on the smart-city concept and considering the different historical developments of Alpine resorts, the Smart Altitude Decision-Making Toolkit was developed using a combination of an energy audit tool, a WebGIS, and collaborative and innovative living labs installed in Les Orres (France), Madonna di Campiglio (Italy), Krvavec (Slovenia), and Verbier (Switzerland). This step-by-step Decision-Making Toolkit enables ski resorts to get feedback on their energy demand, an overview of the locally available sources of renewable energy, and insights regarding their potential for improving their energy efficiency by low-carbon interventions. The Decision-Making Toolkit is suitable for knowledge transfer between stakeholders within living labs and moreover provides the flexibility for tailor-made low-carbon strategies adapting to the unique assets and situatedness of ski resorts

Biostimulant and biopesticide potential of microalgae growing in piggery wastewater

ABSTRACT: Pig farming generates highly polluting wastewaters which entail serious environmental issues when not adequately managed. Microalgae systems can be promising for cost, energy and environment-efficient treatment of piggery wastewater (PWW). Aside from clean water, the produced biomass can be used as biostimulants and biopesticides contributing to a more sustainable agriculture. Three microalgae (Tetradesmus obliquus, Chlorella protothecoides, Chlorella vulgaris) and one cyanobacterium (Synechocystis sp.) were selected after a preliminary screening in diluted wastewater (1:20) to treat PWW. The nutrient removals were 62-79% for COD (chemical oxygen demand), 84-92% for TKN (total Kjeldahl nitrogen), 79-92% for NH4+ and over 96% for PO43−. T. obliquus and C. protothecoides were the most efficient ones. After treating PWW, the produced biomass, at 0.5 g L−1, was assessed as a biostimulant for seed germination, root/shoot growth, and pigment content for tomato, watercress, cucumber, soybean, wheat, and barley seeds. We observed an overall increase on germination index (GI) of microalgae-treated seeds, owing to the development of longer roots, especially in T. obliquus and C. vulgaris treatments. The microalgae treatments were especially effective in cucumber seeds (75-138% GI increase). The biopesticide activity against Fusarium oxysporum was also evaluated at 1, 2.5 and 5 g L−1 of microalgae culture. Except for Synechocystis sp., all the microalgae tested inhibited the fungus growth, with T. obliquus and C. vulgaris achieving inhibitions above 40% for all concentrations.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Gates in 12th - 15th Century Burgs

Najosjetljiviji dio burga bio je ulaz, pa se o njemu vodila posebna briga. Ulaz je bio nad terenom ili je kopan jarak pred njim, a ulazilo se preko mosta koji je u jednom svom dijelu bio pokretan. Ulaz je štićen s vrha zidina odnosno s branič--kule ili je pak bila izvedena posebna ulazna kula. Pokretni su mostovi dizani lancem ili drvenim polugama. Ulaz je zatvaran drvenim zaokretnim krilima i okomito posmičnom rešetkom. Do danas je ostalo sačuvano vrlo malo ulaza, a od opreme ulaza - pokretnih mostova, vratnih krila i sl., nije ostalo gotovo ništa.The most vulnerable part of a burg was its gate, and special attention was paid to it. The gate was placed on higher ground or fronted by a ditch and approached across a drawbridge. It was guarded from the walls or the keep, or had a special gatehouse. Chains or wooden levers were used to raise the drawbridge, and a hinged wooden door and portcullis closed the entrance. Very few gates have been preserved, and almost no drawbridges, doors and so on

Gates in 12th - 15th Century Burgs

Najosjetljiviji dio burga bio je ulaz, pa se o njemu vodila posebna briga. Ulaz je bio nad terenom ili je kopan jarak pred njim, a ulazilo se preko mosta koji je u jednom svom dijelu bio pokretan. Ulaz je štićen s vrha zidina odnosno s branič--kule ili je pak bila izvedena posebna ulazna kula. Pokretni su mostovi dizani lancem ili drvenim polugama. Ulaz je zatvaran drvenim zaokretnim krilima i okomito posmičnom rešetkom. Do danas je ostalo sačuvano vrlo malo ulaza, a od opreme ulaza - pokretnih mostova, vratnih krila i sl., nije ostalo gotovo ništa.The most vulnerable part of a burg was its gate, and special attention was paid to it. The gate was placed on higher ground or fronted by a ditch and approached across a drawbridge. It was guarded from the walls or the keep, or had a special gatehouse. Chains or wooden levers were used to raise the drawbridge, and a hinged wooden door and portcullis closed the entrance. Very few gates have been preserved, and almost no drawbridges, doors and so on

Photocatalytic treatment of natural waters. Reality or hype? The case of cyanotoxins remediation

This review compiles recent advances and challenges in the photocatalytic treatment of natural water by analyzing the remediation of cyanotoxins. The review frames the treatment need based on the occurrence, geographical distribution, and legislation of cyanotoxins in drinking water while highlighting the underestimated global risk of cyanotoxins. Next, the fundamental principles of photocatalytic treatment for remediating cyanotoxins and the complex degradation pathway for the most widespread cyanotoxins are presented. The state-of-the-art and recent advances on photocatalytic treatment processes are critically discussed, especially the modification strategies involving TiO2 and the primary operational conditions that determine the scalability and integration of photocatalytic reactors. The relevance of light sources and light delivery strategies are shown, with emphasis on novel biomimicry materials design. Thereafter, the seldomly-addressed role of water-matrix components is thoroughly and critically explored by including natural organic matter and inorganic species to provide future directions in designing highly efficient strategies and scalable reactors