The Precipitation of Rubidium and Ceasium with Silicotungstic Acid

The precipitation· of rubidium and ceasium with silicotungstic a cid has been stu died w ith the aim of investigating such processes as a possible separation method. The influence of hydrochloric acid, ammonium chloride, and the aging of the precipitates was investigated. The results show that there are diffe rences in the precipitation of rubidium and ceasium with s ilicotungstic acid. When accompanying ceasium, rubidium was found even in precipitates under such experimental conditions for which it would not precipitate itself. The results also indicate that precipitates formed in the low concentration region of h ydrochloric acid are salts either of rubidium or ceasium silicotungstate. At higher acid concentrations there is a higher precipitation yield. This is due to the contributions from two processes: precipitation and co -precipitation** . At higher hydrochloric a cid concentrations, the precipitation of rubidium or ceasium silicotungstate is followed by co-precipitation of rubidium and ceasium. It is shown that rubidium can be removed from rubidium-ceasium silicotungstates by an exchange reaction

COMPETENCIA OCUPACIONAL Y RENDIMIENTO DIFERIDO DE LOS ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS

Objetivo: determinar la relación de la competencia ocupacional con el rendimiento diferido de los estudiantes universitarios. Metodología: se contó con una muestra de 50 estudiantes con riesgo “crítico y alto” de deserción de la facultad de Salud de la Universidad de Pamplona, pertenecientes al programa de Alertas tempranas. El trabajo se fundamentó en el abordaje de investigación cuantitativo, de manera que la información muestra una perspectiva más amplia de la competencia ocupacional y el rendimiento diferido. Se utilizó la recolección y el análisis de los datos para contestar la pregunta de investigación y probar la hipótesis establecida previamente, también se confío en la medición numérica, el conteo, y el uso frecuente de la estadística, para establecer con exactitud los factores que conllevan al bajo rendimiento de los estudiantes universitarios. Resultados: se apoyaron estrategias mediante la creación de un programa denominado “la participación es el camino que nos conduce al éxito” que favoreció la participación ocupacional y, por tanto, mejoró el rendimiento académico de la población estudiada. Conclusiones: el programa estuvo orientando al desarrollo de varias etapas de fortalecimiento, generando beneficios al permitir la exploración y determinación de intereses, el desarrollo de habilidades sociales y la búsqueda de significado y crecimiento personal de la competencia ocupacional

Investigación médico-antropológica documental: prescripciones enfocadas al manejo del dolor

Introducción: Las recetas médicas o prescripciones históricas en el territorio de la Nueva Granada (hoy Colombia) revelan la evolución del manejo de la enfermedad en función de los efectos benéficos de administrar algún tipo de agente medicinal de origen vegetal, animal o mineral. Objetivo: Describir el tratamiento del reumatismo en los siglos XVIII y XIX, con base en dos recetas médicas de la época con base en la fundamentación contemporánea de su interacción fisiológica. Materiales y métodos: Búsqueda documental en el archivo Histórico de la Biblioteca Octavio Arizmendi Posada de la Universidad de La Sabana, donde se encontraron las recetas tituladas “Reumatismo” y “Rehumas”. Resultados: Se describen cuatro clases de tratamientos para las enfermedades reumáticas utilizados en los siglos XVIII y XIX y orientados principal-mente a la disminución del dolor. Este artículo presenta las bases fisiológicas de estos tratamientos, y cómo pudieron o no haber tenido algún efecto calmante al examinar su fisiología. Conclusiones: Estos medicamentos coloniales neogranadinos no ameritan su uso en el contexto actual de la medicina, pero pudieron representar una ayuda terapéutica en su momento

Atrasentan and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (SONAR): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Short-term treatment for people with type 2 diabetes using a low dose of the selective endothelin A receptor antagonist atrasentan reduces albuminuria without causing significant sodium retention. We report the long-term effects of treatment with atrasentan on major renal outcomes. Methods: We did this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial at 689 sites in 41 countries. We enrolled adults aged 18–85 years with type 2 diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)25–75 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 of body surface area, and a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)of 300–5000 mg/g who had received maximum labelled or tolerated renin–angiotensin system inhibition for at least 4 weeks. Participants were given atrasentan 0·75 mg orally daily during an enrichment period before random group assignment. Those with a UACR decrease of at least 30% with no substantial fluid retention during the enrichment period (responders)were included in the double-blind treatment period. Responders were randomly assigned to receive either atrasentan 0·75 mg orally daily or placebo. All patients and investigators were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was a composite of doubling of serum creatinine (sustained for ≥30 days)or end-stage kidney disease (eGFR <15 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 sustained for ≥90 days, chronic dialysis for ≥90 days, kidney transplantation, or death from kidney failure)in the intention-to-treat population of all responders. Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of their assigned study treatment. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01858532. Findings: Between May 17, 2013, and July 13, 2017, 11 087 patients were screened; 5117 entered the enrichment period, and 4711 completed the enrichment period. Of these, 2648 patients were responders and were randomly assigned to the atrasentan group (n=1325)or placebo group (n=1323). Median follow-up was 2·2 years (IQR 1·4–2·9). 79 (6·0%)of 1325 patients in the atrasentan group and 105 (7·9%)of 1323 in the placebo group had a primary composite renal endpoint event (hazard ratio [HR]0·65 [95% CI 0·49–0·88]; p=0·0047). Fluid retention and anaemia adverse events, which have been previously attributed to endothelin receptor antagonists, were more frequent in the atrasentan group than in the placebo group. Hospital admission for heart failure occurred in 47 (3·5%)of 1325 patients in the atrasentan group and 34 (2·6%)of 1323 patients in the placebo group (HR 1·33 [95% CI 0·85–2·07]; p=0·208). 58 (4·4%)patients in the atrasentan group and 52 (3·9%)in the placebo group died (HR 1·09 [95% CI 0·75–1·59]; p=0·65). Interpretation: Atrasentan reduced the risk of renal events in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease who were selected to optimise efficacy and safety. These data support a potential role for selective endothelin receptor antagonists in protecting renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk of developing end-stage kidney disease. Funding: AbbVie

Liver abscess due to Granulicatella adiacens in an immunocompetent patient: Case report

4 páginasPyogenic liver abscesses due to Granulicatella adiacens are infections associated with high mortality, mainly in immunocompromised patients. The main microorganisms associated with liver abscesses are Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli, though it may also be polymicrobial. However, case reports describing liver infection by Granulicatella adiacens are scarce. We present the case of an immunocompetent adult patient who presented 15 days of evolution consisting of quantified fever peaks associated with asthenia, adynamia, chills, jaundice and coluria. The initial clinical examination revealed a generalized icteric tint without abdominal pain, and blood pressure with a tendency to hypotension. Biliopancreatic confluent neoplasia, secondary cholangitis and sepsis of biliary origin were suspected, initiating fluid resuscitation and antibiotic therapy; blood cultures and complementary diagnostic studies were taken. Hepatobiliary ultrasound with evidence of an abscess of 73 x 62 mm in segment IV; the bile duct and pancreas were within normal limits. To better characterize the lesion evidenced in the liver, a contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen was performed. The patient completed antibiotic management with ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, and metronidazole in good condition and was successfully discharged. This is the first pyogenic liver abscess reported caused by Granulicatella adiacens in an immunocompetent patient, in whom early microbiological diagnosis in conjunction with targeted antibiotic treatment and percutaneous drainage of the lesion was decisive in the clinical outcome © 2023, Biomedica. All Rights Reserved

Achenbach Syndrome in Primary Care: A Case Report

4 páginasParoxysmal hematoma of the fingers, or Achenbach syndrome, is a rare vascular disorder of benign course and unknown etiology. The clinical manifestations are sudden onset, paroxysmal spontaneous subcutaneous hematomas, and edema and pain in the fingers and hands. The clinical course is self-limited and does not leave permanent sequela. The diagnosis is clinical, and complementary studies are often unnecessary. We present the clinical case of a 69-year-old woman diagnosed with Achenbach syndrome in a primary care center in Colombia. © 2023 Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System and The Medical College of Wisconsin, Inc

Prueba de ejercicio cardiopulmonar en militares colombianos con trauma torácico de guerra

14 páginasIntroduction: There are few publications related to cardiopulmonary stress tests in soldiers wounded in combat, and the various complications cause war trauma. Objective: To describe the cardiopulmonary variables in patients with war thoracic trauma submitted to stress tests. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out between 2010 and 2016, at the Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. The study population consisted of 27 patients with a history of war-derived thoracic trauma, who were submitted to cardiopulmonary stress tests. The variables of age, sex, symptoms, oxygen consumption, cardiopulmonary variables measured by spirometry, type of surgery, trauma and weapon were explored. Results: A total of 27 participants were included. Mean oxygen consumption peak ml / min was 2 891,8 (SD: 621,86), oxygen consumption peak mL/kg/min 43,25 (DS: 9,72), forced vital capacity pre-bronchodilator (L) 4,5 (DS: 1, 3) and post-bronchodilator (L) 4,3 (DS: 1,01). Exploratory analysis found significant differences among those who had a high velocity firearm wounds against other types of weapons.Introducción: Existen pocas publicaciones relacionadas con las pruebas de esfuerzo cardiopulmonar de soldados heridos en combate, y las diversas complicaciones que puede ocasionar el trauma de guerra. Objetivo: Describir las variables cardiopulmonares en soldados con trauma torácico de guerra, sometidos a pruebas de esfuerzo. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, entre los años 2010 - 2016, en el Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. La población de estudio estuvo constituida por 27 pacientes con antecedente de trauma torácico derivado de la guerra, quienes fueron sometidos a pruebas de esfuerzo cardiopulmonar. Se exploran las variables edad, sexo, síntomas, consumo de oxígeno, variables cardiopulmonares medidas por espirometría, tipo de cirugía, trauma y arma. Resultados: El consumo de oxígeno pico medio ml/min fue 2 891,8 (DE: 621,86), consumo de oxígeno pico mL/kg/min 43,25 (DS: 9,72), capacidad vital forzada prebroncodilatador (L) 4,5 (DS: 1, 3) y posbroncodilatador (L) 4,3 (DS: 1,01). El análisis exploratorio encontró diferencias significativas entre quienes tenían heridas por arma de fuego de alta velocidad, y heridas por otros tipos de armas. Conclusión: En pacientes con antecedentes de trauma de guerra, el consumo de oxígeno pico ml/min, oxígeno pico mL/kg/min y capacidad vital forzada, es menor que en población sana; aparentemente, el tipo de herida por arma de fuego de alta velocidad afecta en mayor medida a estas variables evaluadas por las pruebas de esfuerzo cardiopulmonar

Revisión de ensayos clínicos y estudios de cohorte para el tratamiento de la migraña con acupuntura

8 páginasIntroducción La migraña es un trastorno común que aqueja a gran parte de la población mundial, por este motivo se han buscado diversas formas de combatirla, entre ellas, la acupuntura como alternativa o complemento para el tratamiento farmacológico. Objetivo Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de la acupuntura en el manejo de la migraña. Material y métodos Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura médica actual, se incluyeron únicamente ensayos clínicos y estudios de cohorte a través de PubMed. Simultáneamente, se revisaron 18 bases de datos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud en busca de registros de futuros ensayos clínicos que evalúen la acupuntura en el manejo de la migraña. Resultados Se incluyeron documentos (n = 21), estudios de cohorte retrospectivos (n = 2) y ensayos clínicos (n = 19), todos escritos en inglés; además, 11 ensayos clínicos registrados Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (n = 7), U.S. National Library of Medicine (n = 3) e Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (n = 1). Conclusión La acupuntura es una técnica eficaz y segura según se reporta en los ensayos clínicos y estudios observacionales incluidos; sin embargo, se requiere de estudios que cuenten con un mayor número de tiempo de observación y número de pacientes para generar una mayor validez a la actual evidencia

El guaco: un agente vegetal utilizado en el Nuevo Reino de Granada contra los síntomas generados por afecciones del sistema músculo-esquelético

9 páginasObjective: To contextualize a medical prescription of the early 19th century in the New Kingdom of Granada, in which guaco was prescribed to reduce symptoms caused by musculoskeletal system disorders, which were ill-defined at the time. Similarly, based on current knowledge, to analyse the manner in which the formula acts on pathophysiological mechanisms of rheumatic diseases, in order to explain the reduction of pain, and associated sequelae. Material and method: Documentary research into the Cipriano Rodríguez Santamaría Historical Archive of the Octavio Arizmendi Library of the University of La Sabana, in Chía, Colombia. The document analysed was called Rheumatism. Subsequently, a review of the literature was carried out in Science Direct / Clinical Key / Scielo databases in the period from 1999 to 2018. Conclusions: There is scientific evidence that supports the efficiency of guaco used in the Kingdom of New Granada due its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. However, a vague description of the dosage of the guaco, signs, symptoms, and comorbidities, which are not mentioned in the prescription, hinders the understanding of its application and the thorough effectiveness of the treatment in order to control the symptoms of musculoskeletal system conditions. This tradition, consequently, lacks proper scientific support for the medical treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. © 2020 Asociación Colombiana de Reumatologí