Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Seed Germination, Storage, and Seedling Growth of Magnolia Champaca L.

Gamma irradiation of seeds is known as an important factor in stimulating biochemical and physiological processes. This paper investigates the effect of seed irradiation on the seed germination, storability, and seedling growth traits of Magnolia champaca. Seeds were irradiated with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 Gy by Cobalt-60. The treated seeds were grouped into three lots, namely germination test, storage test and seedling growth characteristics. Observations were made for seed germination percentage, germination index, mean germination time, germination value and growth traits such as height, collar diameter, number of leaves, root length, and dry weight. Results showed that irradiation at a dose of 30 Gy was close to LD50, and irradiation at doses of 80 Gy and higher caused lethal effect. The maximum increase of germination parameters on irradiated seed was recorded at a dose of 10 Gy, and then it decreased. Growth rate in terms of seedling height, collar diameter, number of leaves, and dry weight have also increased in gamma irradiation doses up to 80 Gy, but the dose of 10 Gy resulted in survival and growth that was more stable and gave the highest values for most of the parameters. Hence, lower dose (10 Gy) of irradiation treatment can be used to increase seed germination, storability and seedling growth of M. champaca

Perkecambahan Benih Kemenyan (Styrax Benzoin Dryander) pada Beberapa Media Tabur dan Perlakuan Pendahuluan

Budidaya kemenyan (Styrax benzoin Dryander) masih terkendala dengan penyediaan bibit dalam jumlah yang mencukupi karena masih rendahnya keberhasilan perkecambahan dan tidak serempaknya perkembangan benih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui media tabur dan perlakuan pendahuluan yang mampu meningkatkan perkecambahan benih kemenyan. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 ulangan dan setiap ulangan terdiri dari 50 benih. Media tabur yang digunakan adalah pasir, campuran pasir dan tanah (1 : 1 v/v), serbuk sabut kelapa, campuran pasir dan serbuk sabut kelapa (1 : 1 v/v), abu sekam padi, dan campuran pasir dan abu sekam padi (1 : 1 v/v). Media terbaik dari hasil pengujian tersebut digunakan sebagai media untuk pengujian perlakuan pendahuluan. Metode perlakuan pendahuluan yang digunakan adalah tanpa perlakuan, perlakuan jemur-rendam selama 1 hari, perlakuan jemur-rendam selama 2 hari, perlakuan jemur-rendam selama 3 hari, peretakan, perendaman dalam asam cuka selama 24 jam, dan perendaman dalam air accu selama 24 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media perkecambahan terbaik untuk benih kemenyan adalah media pasir (daya berkecambah 63%, kecepatan berkecambah 0,78%/etmal dan nilai perkecambahan 0,22). Pada media pasir tersebut, perlakuan jemur-rendam selama 3 hari mampu meningkatkan dan mempercepat perkecambahan benih (daya berkecambah 88%, kecepatan berkecambah 2,06%/etmal, dan nilai perkecambahan 1,53). Perlakuan tersebut dapat meningkatkan daya berkecambah sebesar 17%, kecepatan berkecambah 83%, dan nilai perkecamabahan 195% terhadap kontrol (tanpa perlakuan pendahuluan)

IDENTIFICATION OF Acacia mangium PROVENANCES FOR SOLID-WOOD FOREST PLANTATIONS

Provenance trial is a planting test aimed at fi nding the best provenance for establishing forest plantations. Such best provenance depends on the type of fi nal harvest or yield expected. The objective of this research was to identify A. mangium provenances that were suitable for forest plantation producing solid woods for construction and furniture. A total of 225 samples of 15 provenances from Papua New Guinea and Australia were planted in three blocks in Parungpanjang, Bogor, West Java. The measured parameters included tree height, clear bole height, stem diameter, tree volume, stem form, branching habit, and crown form. Bi-plot analysis indicated that Kini WP, Keru Village WP, Derideri R. Morehead, and Claudia River were the best provenances in terms of productivity. Correspondence analysis showed that almost all provenances were equally good in stem form, but they varied in branching system as well as crown form. Provenances Kini WP, Keru Village WP, Kiriwo/Serisa WP, and Bimadebun Village possessed the better branching habit. In terms of crown form provenances Dimisi Village WP, Kiriwo/Serisa WP, and Derideri R. Morehead exhibited a good performance. In general, fi ve provenances, i.e. Kini WP, Keru Village WP, Derideri R. Morehead, Kiriwo/Serisa WP, and Claudia River were considered appropriate for seed sources supplying seeds for industrial plantation development intended to produce construction and furniture material

Germination of Tisuk (Hibiscus macrophyllus Roxb.) Seed at Several Treatments of Lighting Period, Pre-germination and Storage

Tisuk (Hibiscus macrophyllus Roxb.) is a potential fast growing species to cultivate in a forest community and forest plantation. This species has strong seed dormancy that causing  its germination becomes obstacle in seedling procurement. The aim of this research was to determine the response of tisuk seed germination on the several lighting periods, pre-germination treatment, and storage rooms by using 4 tisuk populations (Sumedang, Ciamis, Pemalang and Malang) in Java.  Randomized completely design was used to test the optimum lighting periods, pre-germination treatments, and storage rooms for tisuk seeds. The result showed that lighting periods was the only treatment which affected significantly the seedlot from Pemalang. Seed germination testing of tisuk in laboratory was preferred to use lighting period of 8 hours light and 16 hours dark. Tisuk seed is categorized as orthodox with strong dormancy level so the seed germination capacity and speed without pre-germination treatment were very low that is  ranged between  5.5 percent ─̶ 8.3 percent and 0.62 percent-etmal─̶ 0.91percent-etmal, respectively. Pre-germination treatment by soaking the seeds in  H2SO4 for 30 minutes was able to increase germination capacity and speed for all seedlots from 4 different populations with germination capacity and speed ranges of 62.5 percent ─̶ 71.3 percent and 7.58 percent-etmal ─̶ 9.75 percent-etmal, respectively. Tisuk seed of all the  populations were  deteriorating during storage and seed with the lower moisture content had better storability. The seed germination could be maintained better in Dry Cold Storage than in a refrigerator and ambient room

Keragaman Morfo-fisiologi Benih Suren (Toona Sinensis) Dari Berbagai Tempat Tumbuh Di Sumatera Dan Jawa

Suren (Toona sinensis) is a potential multipurpose species that is more cultivated at upland community forests, especially in Java and Sumatra islands. This research was aimed to assess the variation of fruit and seed morpho-physiological characters and to investigate the contribution of geoclimate and genetic factors on the fruit and seed morpho-physiological characters of suren. Seeds were collected from seven populations in West Sumatera, Jambi and West Java on March – May 2015. Morphological parameters measured were size and weight of fruits and seeds, while the physiological parameters measured were seed germination and storability. Analysis of variance revealed significant morpho-physiological differences among populations for all the morpho-physiological parameters studied. Cimalaka population provided the better seed quality compared to seed quality from the other populations, mainly for seed physiological parameters. Most of the parameters was not correlated with geo-climate factors, except for number of empty seed that negatively correlated with mean annual temperature and seed wing width negatively correlated with altitude. Genotypic variance and genotypic coefficient of variance for all fruit and seed parameters were found to be higher than corresponding environment variance and environment coefficient of variance, indicating that the genotype explained most of the variance for these parameters. In particular, high heritability values coupled with high genetic gain were found for germination capacity and germination speed. Principal component analysis of various parameters of fruit and seed revealed that most of the geographically distant populations are genetically close

Morphology and Genetic Diversity of Jabon Putih Seedling from 4 Populations in Sumatra, Nusa Kambangan, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi

Jabon putih (Neolamarckia cadamba) is a widely distributed potential fast-growing species and is thought to be associated with extensive genetic diversity. The aim of the research was to assess the morphological and genetic variation of jabon putih seedling based on AFLP markers. Randomized block design with 4 replications was used to assess seedling morphological variation on 31 families from 4 populations (Kapuas, Kampar, Nusa Kambangan, Pomalaa) based on traits of seedling height, diameter, sturdiness quotient, number of leaves, leaf length, and leaf width at nursery. AFLP Analysis System I Kit by using dry leaf samples from each family was used. Characteristics of jabon putih seedlings had variation among populations and families within population. Genetic variation within population based on morphological traits had the similar trend with result of AFLP analysis. The highest genetic variation was detected in Kapuas population, followed by Pomalaa, Nusa Kambangan, and Kampar populations. Cluster analysis and UPGMA method had 2 cluster and put down most of families from Kapuas in one cluster separated from other families. Based on the genetic similarity analysis, 26 families could be considered as potential families for the establishment of breeding populations. The study has important practical implications for genetic resources management and for future breeding programs of jabon putih