Artificial intelligence effectivity in fracture detection

The scientific study aimed to explore the practical implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in radiology and traumatology for fracture detection, as well as evaluate their overall effectiveness in modern medicine. In recent years, AI has gained significant traction in the healthcare industry, enabling the analysis of patients' clinical data and facilitating disease diagnosis, monitoring, risk assessment, and surgical intervention possibilities. The relevance of the scientific work is in the gradual expansion of practical applications of artificial intelligence technologies in medicine, particularly in radiology for diagnosing fractures. The study aimed to investigate the practical effectiveness of AI technology in fracture detection on example of Hospital of Traumatology and Orthopaedics in Riga, Latvia. The methodological approach combined system analysis of AI system implementation in modern medical institutions for creating X-ray images with a clinical study of fracture diagnosis experience at the Hospital of Orthopedics and Traumatology in Riga, Latvia. Fractures were detected by radiologists, attending physicians, and the AI program, with comparisons made between them. Results were analyzed to assess the program's efficacy. The results of the study demonstrated the high effectiveness of AI technologies in fracture detection. The application of these systems in clinical practice led to a significant reduction in diagnostic errors (by 2-3 times) and an increase in diagnostic accuracy (from 78.1% to 85.2%). Moreover, AI systems proved to be capable of detecting fractures that were not initially identified during routine examinations by paramedics and medical practitioners. This emphasized the practicality of expanding the use of these systems in clinical practice. The practical significance of the obtained results is in their potential use in the development of software systems based on AI, aimed at enhancing fracture diagnosis in medical institutions. These findings provided valuable insights for further advancements in AI-based technologies for fracture detectio

Artificial intelligence effectivity in fracture detection

The scientific study aimed to explore the practical implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in radiology and traumatology for fracture detection, as well as evaluate their overall effectiveness in modern medicine. In recent years, AI has gained significant traction in the healthcare industry, enabling the analysis of patients' clinical data and facilitating disease diagnosis, monitoring, risk assessment, and surgical intervention possibilities. The relevance of the scientific work is in the gradual expansion of practical applications of artificial intelligence technologies in medicine, particularly in radiology for diagnosing fractures. The study aimed to investigate the practical effectiveness of AI technology in fracture detection on example of Hospital of Traumatology and Orthopaedics in Riga, Latvia. The methodological approach combined system analysis of AI system implementation in modern medical institutions for creating X-ray images with a clinical study of fracture diagnosis experience at the Hospital of Orthopedics and Traumatology in Riga, Latvia. Fractures were detected by radiologists, attending physicians, and the AI program, with comparisons made between them. Results were analyzed to assess the program's efficacy. The results of the study demonstrated the high effectiveness of AI technologies in fracture detection. The application of these systems in clinical practice led to a significant reduction in diagnostic errors (by 2-3 times) and an increase in diagnostic accuracy (from 78.1% to 85.2%). Moreover, AI systems proved to be capable of detecting fractures that were not initially identified during routine examinations by paramedics and medical practitioners. This emphasized the practicality of expanding the use of these systems in clinical practice. The practical significance of the obtained results is in their potential use in the development of software systems based on AI, aimed at enhancing fracture diagnosis in medical institutions. These findings provided valuable insights for further advancements in AI-based technologies for fracture detection

Molecular Characterization of the Gastrula in the Turtle Emys orbicularis: An Evolutionary Perspective on Gastrulation

Due to the presence of a blastopore as in amphibians, the turtle has been suggested to exemplify a transition form from an amphibian- to an avian-type gastrulation pattern. In order to test this hypothesis and gain insight into the emergence of the unique characteristics of amniotes during gastrulation, we have performed the first molecular characterization of the gastrula in a reptile, the turtle Emys orbicularis. The study of Brachyury, Lim1, Otx2 and Otx5 expression patterns points to a highly conserved dynamic of expression with amniote model organisms and makes it possible to identify the site of mesoderm internalization, which is a long-standing issue in reptiles. Analysis of Brachyury expression also highlights the presence of two distinct phases, less easily recognizable in model organisms and respectively characterized by an early ring-shaped and a later bilateral symmetrical territory. Systematic comparisons with tetrapod model organisms lead to new insights into the relationships of the blastopore/blastoporal plate system shared by all reptiles, with the blastopore of amphibians and the primitive streak of birds and mammals. The biphasic Brachyury expression pattern is also consistent with recent models of emergence of bilateral symmetry, which raises the question of its evolutionary significance

СИНТЕЗ ТИТАНОСИЛИКАТНЫХ АДСОРБЕНТОВ ТИПА МСМ-41 С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ СУПРАМОЛЕКУЛЯРНОГО ТЕМПЛАТА

Low-temperature isotherms of nitrogen adsorption-desorption of titanosilicate adsorbents deposited on supramolecular template using titanium sulphate and sodium silicate with module equal to 1 or 3 were measured. The isotherms measured belong to Types IV (a) and IV (b) adsorption isotherms by IUPAC classification. Titanosilicate materials with isothermal curves of such type can be offered as homogeneous adsorbents with mesoporous MCM-41 type of constituent element ordering, which is characteristic of mesoporous adsorbents with hexagonal packing of homogeneous cylindrical capillary. The characterization of titanosilicate samples by the analysis of capillary and condensation properties allows us to identify secondary and tertiary slit mesopores in them. Измерены изотермы низкотемпературной адсорбции–десорбции азота титаносиликатными адсорбентами, осажденными на супрамолекулярном темплате с использованием сульфата титанила и силикатов натрия с модулем 1 и 3. Полученные изотермы относятся к типу IV(а) и IV(b) изотерм сорбции, по классификации IUPAC. Изотермические кривые такого рода присущи мезопористым системам с типом МСМ-41 упорядочения составляющих элементов, что свойственно адсорбентам с гексагональной упаковкой однородных цилиндрических капилляров. Характеристика титаносиликатных образцов путем анализа капиллярно-конденсационных свойств позволяет идентифицировать в них вторичные и третичные мезопоры щелевидной формы.

АДСОРБЦИОННЫЕ СВОЙСТВА ТИТАНОКРЕМНИЕВООКСИДНЫХ МЕМБРАН НА КЕРАМИЧЕСКОЙ ПОДЛОЖКЕ

Titania-silica membranes on a porous quartz substrate are prepared by its direct contact with metal silicate sol at various Ti/Si ratios in the conditions of coagel sedimentation and presence of cetylpyridinium chloride. The study of textural and adsorption properties of membranes is conducted by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption, including methods of t-plots and DFT theory. It was shown that obtained membranes have mesoporous structure with the specific surface area and pore hydraulic diameter varied in intervals of 64–217 m2 /g and 4–11 nm, respectively. Developed values of surface area remain up to molar ratio of Ti/Si = 50/50.Титанокремниевооксидные мембраны на пористой кварцевой подложке получены путем его прямого контакта с металлосиликатным золем при различном соотношении Ti/Si в условиях осаждения коагеля и присутствия хлорида цетилпиридиния. Исследование текстурных и адсорбционных свойств мембран осуществлено с помощью низкотемпературной адсорбции–десорбции азота, включая методы DFT и t-графика. Показано, что полученные мембраны имеют мезопористую структуру с удельной поверхностью и гидравлическим диаметром пор, варьируемыми в интервалах 64–217 м2 /г и 4–11 нм соответственно. Развитая площадь поверхности сохраняется вплоть до эквимолярного соотношения Ti/Si

To pay or not to pay? Business owners’ tax morale:testing a neo-institutional framework in a transition environment

In order to understand how the environment influences business owner/managers’ attitudes towards tax morale, we build a theoretical model based on a neo-institutionalist framework. Our model combines three complementary perspectives on institutions—normative, cultural–cognitive and regulatory–instrumental. This enables a broader understanding of factors that influence business owner–managers’ attitudes towards tax evasion. We test the resulting hypotheses using regression analysis on survey data on business owner/managers in Latvia—a transition country, which has undergone massive institutional changes since it was part of the Soviet Union over 25 years ago. We find that legitimacy of the tax authorities and the government (normative dimension), feeling of belonging to the nation (cultural–cognitive dimension) and perceptions of the risk and severity of punishment (regulatory–instrumental dimension) are all associated with higher tax morale for business owners and managers

Получение мезопористого кремнезема с упорядоченной наноструктурной морфологией из природного кварцевого песка

Silica with ordered nanostructured morphology characteristic of mesoporous molecular sieves with cubic packing of cylindrical pores and a three-dimensional porous structure is obtained from natural quartz sand. It was shown by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption that the obtained silica material is thermally stable, amorphous, consists of submicron grains, has a high specific surface area of 1396 m2/g, a pore volume of 0.780 cm3/g and an average diameter of 2.2 nm with a narrow size distribution of mesopores.Из природного кварцевого песка получен кремнезем с упорядоченной наноструктурной морфологией, характерной для мезопористых молекулярных сит с кубической упаковкой цилиндрических пор и трехмерной пористой структурой. Методами рентгеновской дифракции, сканирующей электронной микроскопии и низкотемпературной адсорбции-десорбции азота показано, что полученный кремнеземный материал термически стабилен, аморфен, состоит из зерен субмикронного размера, обладает высокой удельной поверхностью 1396 м2/г, объемом пор 0,780 см3/г и средним диаметром 2,2 нм с узким распределением мезопор по размеру

Integrated annotation and analysis of genomic features reveal new types of functional elements and large-scale epigenetic phenomena in the developing zebrafish

Zebrafish, a popular model for embryonic development and for modelling human diseases, has so far lacked a systematic functional annotation programme akin to those in other animal models. To address this, we formed the international DANIO-CODE consortium and created the first central repository to store and process zebrafish developmental functional genomic data. Our Data Coordination Center (https://danio-code.zfin.org) combines a total of 1,802 sets of unpublished and reanalysed published genomics data, which we used to improve existing annotations and show its utility in experimental design. We identified over 140,000 cis-regulatory elements in development, including novel classes with distinct features dependent on their activity in time and space. We delineated the distinction between regulatory elements active during zygotic genome activation and those active during organogenesis, identifying new aspects of how they relate to each other. Finally, we matched regulatory elements and epigenomic landscapes between zebrafish and mouse and predict functional relationships between them beyond sequence similarity, extending the utility of zebrafish developmental genomics to mammals

Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the evolution of form and function in the amniote jaw.

The amniote jaw complex is a remarkable amalgamation of derivatives from distinct embryonic cell lineages. During development, the cells in these lineages experience concerted movements, migrations, and signaling interactions that take them from their initial origins to their final destinations and imbue their derivatives with aspects of form including their axial orientation, anatomical identity, size, and shape. Perturbations along the way can produce defects and disease, but also generate the variation necessary for jaw evolution and adaptation. We focus on molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate form in the amniote jaw complex, and that enable structural and functional integration. Special emphasis is placed on the role of cranial neural crest mesenchyme (NCM) during the species-specific patterning of bone, cartilage, tendon, muscle, and other jaw tissues. We also address the effects of biomechanical forces during jaw development and discuss ways in which certain molecular and cellular responses add adaptive and evolutionary plasticity to jaw morphology. Overall, we highlight how variation in molecular and cellular programs can promote the phenomenal diversity and functional morphology achieved during amniote jaw evolution or lead to the range of jaw defects and disease that affect the human condition