The international stock pollutant control: a stochastic formulation

In this paper we provide a stochastic dynamic game formulation of the economics of international environmental agreements on the transnational pollution control when the environmental damage arises from stock pollutant that accumulates, for accumulating pollutants such as CO2 in the atmosphere. To improve the cooperative and the noncooperative equilibrium among countries, we propose the criteria of the minimization of the expected discounted total cost. Moreover, we consider Stochastic Dynamic Games formulated as Stochastic Dynamic Programming and Cooperative versus Noncooperative Stochastic Dynamic Games. The performance of the proposed schemes is illustrated by a real data based example

The international stock pollutant control: a stochastic formulation with transfers

This paper provides a formulation of a stochastic dynamic game that arise in the real scenario of international environmental agreements on the transnational pollution control. More specifically, this agreements try to reduce the environmental damage caused by the stock pollutant that accumulates in the atmosphere, such as CO2. To improve the non-cooperative equilibrium among countries, we propose the criteria of the minimization of the expected discounted total cost with monetary transfers between the countries involved as an incentive to cooperation. Moreover, it considers the formulation of Stochastic Dynamic Games as Markov Decision Processes, using tools of Stochastic Optimal Control and Stochastic Dynamic Programming. The performance of the proposed schemes is illustrated by its application to such environmental problem.Environmental pollutant control, Markov decision processes, Stochastic dynamic programming, Stochastic dynamic games, Optimal abatement policies

The international stock pollutant control: a stochastic formulation

In this paper we provide a stochastic dynamic game formulation of the economics of international environmental agreements on the transnational pollution control when the environmental damage arises from stock pollutant that accumulates, for accumulating pollutants such as CO2 in the atmosphere. To improve the cooperative and the noncooperative equilibrium among countries, we propose the criteria of the minimization of the expected discounted total cost. Moreover, we consider Stochastic Dynamic Games formulated as Stochastic Dynamic Programming and Cooperative versus Noncooperative Stochastic Dynamic Games. The performance of the proposed schemes is illustrated by a real data based example.Stochastic optimal control, Markov decision processes, Stochastic dynamic programming, Stochastic dynamic games, International pollutant control, Environmental economics, Sustainability,

Controlling the international stock pollutant with policies depending on target values

In this paper a stochastic dynamic game formulation of the economics of international environmental agreements on the transnational pollution control, when the environmental damage arises from stock pollutant that accumulates, for accumulating pollutants such as CO2 in the atmosphere is provided. To improve the non-cooperative equilibrium among countries, we propose a different criterion to the minimization of the expected discounted total cost. Moreover, we consider Cooperative versus Noncooperative Stochastic Dynamic Games formulated as Markov Decision Processes (MDP). We propose a new alternative where the decision-maker wants to maximize the probability that some total performance of the dynamical game does not exceed a target value during a fixed period of time. The task requirements are therefore formulated as probabilities rather than expectations. This approach is different from the standard MDP, which uses performance criteria based on the expected value of some index. We present properties of the optimal policies obtained under this new perspective.Stochastic optimal control, Markov Decision Processes, Stochastic Dynamic Programming, Stochastic Dynamic Games, International pollutant control, Environmental economics, Sustainability, Probability criterion

A mathematical optimisation model of a New Zealand dairy farm: The integrated dairy enterprise (IDEA) framework

Optimisation models are a key tool for the analysis of emerging policies, price sets, and technologies within grazing systems. A detailed nonlinear optimisation model of a New Zealand dairy farming system is described. The framework is notable for its rich portrayal of pasture and cow biology that add substantial descriptive power to standard approaches. Key processes incorporated in the model include: (1) pasture growth and digestibility that differ with residual pasture mass and rotation length, (2) pasture utilisation that varies by stocking rate, and (3) different levels of intake regulation. Model output is shown to closely match data from a more detailed simulation model (deviations between 0 and 5 per cent) and survey data (deviations between 1 and 11 per cent), providing confidence in its predictive capacity. Use of the model is demonstrated in an empirical application investigating the relative profitability of production systems involving different amounts of imported feed under price variation. The case study indicates superior profitability associated with the use of a moderate level of imported supplement, with Operating Profit ($NZ ha-1) of 934, 926, 1186, 1314, and 1093 when imported feed makes up 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 per cent of the diet, respectively. Stocking rate and milk production per cow increase by 35 and 29 per cent, respectively, as the proportion of imported feed increases from 0 to 30 per cent of the diet. Pasture utilisation increases with stocking rate. Accordingly, pasture eaten and nitrogen fertiliser application increase by 20 and 213 per cent, respectively, as the proportion of imported feed increases from 0 to 30 per cent of the diet

Wave packet revivals in a graphene quantum dot in a perpendicular magnetic field

We study the time-evolution of localized wavepackets in graphene quantum dots under a perpendicular magnetic field, focusing on the quasiclassical and revival periodicities, for different values of the magnetic field intensities in a theoretical framework. We have considered contributions of the two inequivalent points in the Brillouin zone. The revival time has been found as an observable that shows the break valley degeneracy.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, corrected typo, To appear in Phys. Rev.

The international stock pollutant control: a stochastic formulation with transfers

This paper provides a formulation of a stochastic dynamic game that arise in the real scenario of international environmental agreements on the transnational pollution control. More specifically, this agreements try to reduce the environmental damage caused by the stock pollutant that accumulates in the atmosphere, such as CO2. To improve the non-cooperative equilibrium among countries, we propose the criteria of the minimization of the expected discounted total cost with monetary transfers between the countries involved as an incentive to cooperation. Moreover, it considers the formulation of Stochastic Dynamic Games as Markov Decision Processes, using tools of Stochastic Optimal Control and Stochastic Dynamic Programming. The performance of the proposed schemes is illustrated by its application to such environmental problem

Characterization of a quantum phase transition in Dirac systems by means of the wavepacket dynamics

We study the signatures of phase transitions in the time evolution of wave-packets by analyzing two simple model systems: a graphenequantum dot model in a magnetic field and a Diracoscillator in a magnetic field. We have characterized the phase transitions using the autocorrelation function. Our work also reveals that the description in terms of Shannon entropy of the autocorrelation function is a clear phase transition indicator.This work was supported by Spanish MICINN projects FIS2011-24149 and FIS2009-08451, CEI BioTic UGR project 20F12.41 and Junta de Andalucia projects FQM-165/0207 and FQM219