1,772 research outputs found
Phylogeny of Rosellinia capetribulensis sp. nov. and its allies (Xylariaceae)
A new Rosellinia species, R. capetribulensis isolated from Calamus sp. in Australia is described. R. capetribulensis is characterized by perithecia immersed within a carbonaceous stroma surrounded by subiculum-like hyphae, asci with large, barrel-shaped amyloid apical apparatus and large dark brown spores. Morphologically, R. capetribulensis appears to be similar to R. bunodes, R. markhamiae and R. megalospora. To gain further insights into the phylogeny of this new taxon we analyzed the ITS-5.8S rDNA using maximum parsimony and likelihood methods. In addition, a morphological dataset also was analyzed phylogenetically to investigate possible affinities. ITS rDNA based phylogenies reveal that R. capetribulensis is closely related to other Rosellinia species showing closest affinity to R. arcuata, R. necatrix and R. pepo. However, analysis of R. capetribulensis forms an unsupported branch sister to these taxa. Results from the morphological matrix indicate a close morphological affinity to members of Rosellinia subgenus Rosellinia. Despite that ITS rDNA and morphological analyses present difficulties in constructing a proper phylogenetic framework among Rosellinia and allied genera, there is sufficient evidence to support the establishment of the new taxon in the genus Rosellinia. The morphological similarities and differences between R. capetribulensis and allied genera such as Astrocystis and Entoleuca are also briefly discussed.published_or_final_versio
Dynamic rotor mode in antiferromagnetic nanoparticles
We present experimental, numerical, and theoretical evidence for a new mode
of antiferromagnetic dynamics in nanoparticles. Elastic neutron scattering
experiments on 8 nm particles of hematite display a loss of diffraction
intensity with temperature, the intensity vanishing around 150 K. However, the
signal from inelastic neutron scattering remains above that temperature,
indicating a magnetic system in constant motion. In addition, the precession
frequency of the inelastic magnetic signal shows an increase above 100 K.
Numerical Langevin simulations of spin dynamics reproduce all measured neutron
data and reveal that thermally activated spin canting gives rise to a new type
of coherent magnetic precession mode. This "rotor" mode can be seen as a
high-temperature version of superparamagnetism and is driven by exchange
interactions between the two magnetic sublattices. The frequency of the rotor
mode behaves in fair agreement with a simple analytical model, based on a high
temperature approximation of the generally accepted Hamiltonian of the system.
The extracted model parameters, as the magnetic interaction and the axial
anisotropy, are in excellent agreement with results from Mossbauer
spectroscopy
FSL-BM: Fuzzy Supervised Learning with Binary Meta-Feature for Classification
This paper introduces a novel real-time Fuzzy Supervised Learning with Binary
Meta-Feature (FSL-BM) for big data classification task. The study of real-time
algorithms addresses several major concerns, which are namely: accuracy, memory
consumption, and ability to stretch assumptions and time complexity. Attaining
a fast computational model providing fuzzy logic and supervised learning is one
of the main challenges in the machine learning. In this research paper, we
present FSL-BM algorithm as an efficient solution of supervised learning with
fuzzy logic processing using binary meta-feature representation using Hamming
Distance and Hash function to relax assumptions. While many studies focused on
reducing time complexity and increasing accuracy during the last decade, the
novel contribution of this proposed solution comes through integration of
Hamming Distance, Hash function, binary meta-features, binary classification to
provide real time supervised method. Hash Tables (HT) component gives a fast
access to existing indices; and therefore, the generation of new indices in a
constant time complexity, which supersedes existing fuzzy supervised algorithms
with better or comparable results. To summarize, the main contribution of this
technique for real-time Fuzzy Supervised Learning is to represent hypothesis
through binary input as meta-feature space and creating the Fuzzy Supervised
Hash table to train and validate model.Comment: FICC201
Standards for CHERG reviews of intervention effects on child survival
Background The Lives Saved Tool (LiST) uses estimates of the effects of interventions on cause-specific child mortality as a basis for generating projections of child lives that could be saved by increasing coverage of effective interventions. Estimates of intervention effects are an essential element of LiST, and need to reflect the best available scientific evidence. This article describes the guidelines developed by the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG) that are applied by scientists conducting reviews of intervention effects for use in LiST
Placental growth factor testing for suspected preâeclampsia: a costâeffectiveness analysis
Objective
To calculate the costâeffectiveness of implementing PlGF testing alongside a clinical management algorithm in maternity services in the UK, compared with current standard care.
Design
Costâeffectiveness analysis.
Setting
Eleven maternity units participating in the PARROT steppedâwedge clusterârandomised controlled trial.
Population
Women presenting with suspected preâeclampsia between 20+0 and 36+6 weeksâ gestation.
Methods
Monte Carlo simulation utilising resource use data and maternal adverse outcomes.
Main outcome measures
Cost per maternal adverse outcome prevented.
Results
Clinical care with PlGF testing costs less than current standard practice and resulted in fewer maternal adverse outcomes. There is a total costâsaving of UKÂŁ149 per patient tested, when including the cost of the test. This represents a potential costâsaving of UKÂŁ2,891,196 each year across the NHS in England.
Conclusions
Clinical care with PlGF testing is associated with the potential for costâsavings per participant tested when compared with current practice via a reduction in outpatient attendances, and improves maternal outcomes. This economic analysis supports a role for implementation of PlGF testing in antenatal services for the assessment of women with suspected preâeclampsia.
Tweetable abstract
Placental growth factor testing for suspected preâeclampsia is costâsaving and improves maternal outcomes
Observation of Spontaneous Brillouin Cooling
While radiation-pressure cooling is well known, the Brillouin scattering of
light from sound is considered an acousto-optical amplification-only process.
It was suggested that cooling could be possible in multi-resonance Brillouin
systems when phonons experience lower damping than light. However, this regime
was not accessible in traditional Brillouin systems since backscattering
enforces high acoustical frequencies associated with high mechanical damping.
Recently, forward Brillouin scattering in microcavities has allowed access to
low-frequency acoustical modes where mechanical dissipation is lower than
optical dissipation, in accordance with the requirements for cooling. Here we
experimentally demonstrate cooling via such a forward Brillouin process in a
microresonator. We show two regimes of operation for the Brillouin process:
acoustical amplification as is traditional, but also for the first time, a
Brillouin cooling regime. Cooling is mediated by an optical pump, and scattered
light, that beat and electrostrictively attenuate the Brownian motion of the
mechanical mode.Comment: Supplementary material include
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