Исторические факты о первой в мире клинической постмортальной эксплантации и последующей аллогенной гетеротопной трансплантации донорской почки: легендарные страницы жизни выдающегося хирурга Ю. Вороного

АЛЛОТРАНСПЛАНТАЦИЯПОЧЕК ТРАНСПЛАНТАЦИЯ /истКСЕНОТРАНСПЛАНТАЦИЯИСТОРИЯ МЕДИЦИН

Микрохирургическая техника комбинированной трансплантации поджелудочной железы и почки в экспериментальной модели

ПОДЖЕЛУДОЧНАЯ ЖЕЛЕЗА /хирПОЧКИ /хирТРАНСПЛАНТАЦИЯаллографтхирургические техник

Микрохирургическая техника комбинированной трансплантации поджелудочной железы и почки в экспериментальной модели

ПОДЖЕЛУДОЧНАЯ ЖЕЛЕЗА /хирПОЧКИ /хирТРАНСПЛАНТАЦИЯаллографтхирургические техник

Prognostic significance of expression patterns of c‐erbB‐2, p53, p16(INK4A), p27(KIP1), cyclin D1 and epidermal growth factor receptor in oesophageal adenocarcinoma: a tissue microarray study

AIMS: To correlate immunohistochemical expression patterns and prognosis in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. METHODS: The expression of c‐erbB‐2, p53, p16(INK4A), p27(KIP1), cyclin D1 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was studied in a series of 137 primarily resected oesophageal adenocarcinoma samples. The expression analysis on protein level was performed on routine paraffin wax‐embedded material, with immunohistochemical staining of the samples, assembled on a tissue microarray. The results were correlated with clinicopathological features (pT, pN and G) and survival. RESULTS: 22 (16%) tumours showed an overexpression of the c‐erbB‐2 oncoprotein. Expression of EGFR was observed in 72 (55%) cases, accumulation of p53 in 68 (52%) cases and of cyclin D1 in 102 (77%) cases. Loss of p16(INK4A) expression was observed in 101 (76%) cases and low expression of p27(KIP1) in 91 (71%) cases. Expression of these proteins did not correlate with tumour stage, grade, Lauren's or World Health Organization classification or lymph node status. On univariate survival analysis, more advanced tumour stage (p = 0.002), lymph node involvement (p = 0.003), high tumour grade (p = 0.017) and lack of EGFR expression (p = 0.034) were found to be associated with poorer survival. On multiple regression analysis, only tumour stage (p = 0.03) and lymph node involvement (p = 0.004) were shown to have an association with the survival of the patient. CONCLUSION: The immunohistochemical expression of c‐erbB‐2 oncoprotein, cylin D1, p16(INK4A), p27(KIP1), p53 and EGFR in most oesophageal adenocarcinomas suggests their implication in the pathogenesis of this entity. None of the molecular markers assessed, however, was of prognostic value. Identification of any marker superior to or even approaching the prognostic value of conventional histopathological markers (pT and pN) was therefore not possible

Smectic Layering at the Free Surface of Liquid Crystals in the Nematic Phase: X-Ray Reflectivity

Smectic layering at the surface and smectic fluctuations in the bulk can be studied simultaneously by x-ray specular reflectivity and scattering measurements. There is a peak in the angular dependence of the specular reflectivity due to surface-induced smectic layering that penetrates into the bulk as $exp(-z/\xi_{\parallel})$ where $\xi_{\parallel}$ is one of the nematic critical correlation lengths. This is illustrated by measurements of the liquid-crystal materials octyloxycyanobiphenyl (8OCB) and butyloxybenzyl- idene octylaniline (4O.8). In both cases the critical divergence of the intensity of the peak in the specular reflectivity is weaker than $\xi^2_{\parallel}$, suggesting unexpected surface physics. The absolute value of the critical part of the density pair correlation function is determined by comparison to the Fresnel reflected intensity. Different geometries of the x-ray spectrometer are also discussed.Engineering and Applied Science