5,736 research outputs found
Magnetotail structures in a simulated Earth's magnetosphere
The structure of the magnetotail is investigated in a laboratory simulated magnetosphere. Particular emphasis is placed on the region of distant magnetotail where the closed field line region of the plasma sheet terminates and the process of reconnection takes place. Our study builds upon the previous investigation of the magnetotail where the main results were based on the magnetic field measurements in the tail region of the simulated magnetosphere. In this paper, more elaborate measurements of plasma flow and electric field are presented. Besides these measurements, this region of distant magnetotail is also explored by high resolution imaging with a gated optical imager (GOI) and by digital image analysis. These images clearly reveal a Y-type magnetic neutral line for the northward 'interplanetary' field (IMF) and a usual X-type for the southward IMF that confirms our previous results deduced from the magnetic field measurements. In the neighborhood of these neutral points a strong component of dawn to dusk electric field (E(sub y)) and a counterstreaming plasma flow is also observed. Plasma flow is measured by using a double sided Faraday cup which is also used to measure the y-component of tail current (J(sub y)) at different locations. These measurements reveal that the tail current is not carried by ions as previously thought, rather it is carried by electrons alone
Statistical properties of spectral fluctuations for a quantum system with infinitely many components
Extending the idea formulated in Makino {\it{et al}}[Phys.Rev.E
{\bf{67}},066205], that is based on the Berry--Robnik approach [M.V. Berry and
M. Robnik, J. Phys. A {\bf{17}}, 2413], we investigate the statistical
properties of a two-point spectral correlation for a classically integrable
quantum system. The eigenenergy sequence of this system is regarded as a
superposition of infinitely many independent components in the semiclassical
limit. We derive the level number variance (LNV) in the limit of infinitely
many components and discuss its deviations from Poisson statistics. The slope
of the limiting LNV is found to be larger than that of Poisson statistics when
the individual components have a certain accumulation. This property agrees
with the result from the semiclassical periodic-orbit theory that is applied to
a system with degenerate torus actions[D. Biswas, M.Azam,and S.V.Lawande, Phys.
Rev. A {\bf 43}, 5694].Comment: 6 figures, 10 page
Simplicity of eigenvalues in the Anderson model
We give a simple, transparent, and intuitive proof that all eigenvalues of
the Anderson model in the region of localization are simple
Semiconductor-enriched single wall carbon nanotube networks applied to field effect transistors
Substantial progress on field effect transistors "FETs" consisting of
semiconducting single wall carbon nanotubes "s-SWNTs" without detectable traces
of metallic nanotubes and impurities is reported. Nearly perfect removal of
metallic nanotubes is confirmed by optical absorption, Raman measurements, and
electrical measurements. This outstanding result was made possible in
particular by ultracentrifugation (150 000 g) of solutions prepared from SWNT
powders using polyfluorene as an extracting agent in toluene. Such s-SWNTs
processable solutions were applied to realize FET, embodying randomly or
preferentially oriented nanotube networks prepared by spin coating or
dielectrophoresis. Devices exhibit stable p-type semiconductor behavior in air
with very promising characteristics. The on-off current ratio is 10^5, the
on-current level is around 10 A, and the estimated hole mobility is larger
than 2 cm2 / V s
Spectral flow and level spacing of edge states for quantum Hall hamiltonians
We consider a non relativistic particle on the surface of a semi-infinite
cylinder of circumference submitted to a perpendicular magnetic field of
strength and to the potential of impurities of maximal amplitude . This
model is of importance in the context of the integer quantum Hall effect. In
the regime of strong magnetic field or weak disorder it is known that
there are chiral edge states, which are localised within a few magnetic lengths
close to, and extended along the boundary of the cylinder, and whose energy
levels lie in the gaps of the bulk system. These energy levels have a spectral
flow, uniform in , as a function of a magnetic flux which threads the
cylinder along its axis. Through a detailed study of this spectral flow we
prove that the spacing between two consecutive levels of edge states is bounded
below by with , independent of , and of the
configuration of impurities. This implies that the level repulsion of the
chiral edge states is much stronger than that of extended states in the usual
Anderson model and their statistics cannot obey one of the Gaussian ensembles.
Our analysis uses the notion of relative index between two projections and
indicates that the level repulsion is connected to topological aspects of
quantum Hall systems.Comment: 22 pages, no figure
Decorrelation estimates for the eigenlevels of the discrete Anderson model in the localized regime
The purpose of the present work is to establish decorrelation estimates for
the locally renormalized eigenvalues of the discrete Anderson model near two
distinct energies inside the localization region. In dimension one, we prove
these estimates at all energies. In higher dimensions, the energies are
required to be sufficiently far apart from each other
Robust graphene-based monoliths of homogeneous ultramicroporosity
Graphite oxide (GO) and graphene monoliths were prepared using the unidirectional freezing of GO water suspension. These materials were saturated with a poly(ammonium-4-styrene sulfonate) water soluble polymer and then carbonized at 1123 K. This process increases significantly the materials strength and density. A uniform deposition of the polymer-derived carbon on the external layers of the graphene sheets of the monolith was found. The carbon from polymer not only provided more contact between the graphene sheets but also apparently increased the overall graphitization level (based on Raman spectra). The modification decreased the electrical resistance by one order of magnitude compared to that of the graphene monolith. N-2 adsorption at 77 K showed that the thus-treated graphene monoliths have quite homogenous pores with the pore width of 0.7 nm. These pores, combined with large transport pores, and conductive properties make the monoliths tested the promising materials for separation, energy storage, and/or gas sensing. The tunability of the properties and pore structure of the robust graphene ultramicroporous monolith through the control of chemistry of the initial GO monolith was shown. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.ArticleCARBON. 87:87-97 (2015)journal articl
Non-Universal Critical Behaviour of Two-Dimensional Ising Systems
Two conditions are derived for Ising models to show non-universal critical
behaviour, namely conditions concerning 1) logarithmic singularity of the
specific heat and 2) degeneracy of the ground state. These conditions are
satisfied with the eight-vertex model, the Ashkin-Teller model, some Ising
models with short- or long-range interactions and even Ising systems without
the translational or the rotational invariance.Comment: 17 page
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