Leucogranitos, granitos de dos micas y granitos biotíticos AI E y SE de Barco de Ávila (Provincia de Ávila)

[Resumen] Se señalan las características de varios tipos de rocas graníticas y migmatíticas siendo de destacar la presencia de leucogranitos tempranos respecto a la última fase de deformación hercínica, mientras que el resto de los granitos son tardíos. Aparentemente los leucogranitos se han originado en los primeros estadios metamórficos durante los cuales se ha llegado a condiciones de alto grado, si bien no se excluye la posibilidad de que se hayan originado por diferenciación magmática[Abstract] The studied region is rich in granites and migmatites detaching the presence of early (with regard to late deformation phases) leucogranites whereas the main part of granites are late hercynian. Then the leucogranites are apparently developped during early high-grade metamophic events but an origin by magmatic differentiation is not exclude

El sill gabroico-albititico al SO. de Besullo (Cangas de Narcea. Asturias) y su diferenciación

[Resumen] El sill se encuentra intruído en las rocas carbonáticas del Cámbrico y está integrado principalmente por gabros {diabasas albíticas) y albititas. De acuerdo con las características petrográficas y químicas, estas rocas derivan de un magma basáitico alcalino. La diferenciación se acentuó en los estadios finales, produciendo las rocas albíticaso La albita de estas rocas es considerada como producida por la epidotización de las plagioclasas[Abstract] The sill is intruded in the cambrian carbonate rocks and is mainly composed of gabros (albite diabases) and albitites. According to petrographic andchemical characteristics this rocks are derived from a parent alkali basaltic magma. Differentiatlon was more accentuate in the latest stage by the presence of fluids resulting in albitite rocks. The albite of this rocks is considered as caused by epidotization of plagioclas

Sobre el metamorfosismo en los sectores occidentales de Gredos

[Resumen] En el conjunto occidental de Gredos, el metamorfismo alcanza su máxima intensidad tardiamente respecto a las últimas fases de deformación llegando a la producción de migmatitas cordieríticas. Se encuentran también granoblastitas con la asociación cuarzo-sillimanita-biotitacordierita-feldespato potásico. Ambos tipos de rocas están relacionados con grandes masas de magmas graníticos calcoalcalinos cuyas intrusiones afectaron a rocas previamente metamorfizadas y deshidratadas. Las condiciones de P y T mínimas se situan próximas a los 4 Kb Y 750 oC para PH20 inferiores a Pt. Se descarta la posibilidad de que las migmatitas cordieríticas representen restitas originadas por la migración de leucosomes graníticos ya que su composición química es similar a la de esquistos y pizarras de bajo grado metamórfico[Abstract] The highest metamorphic conditions are reached in western areas of Sierra de Gredos after main hercynian folding phases and cordierite bearing migmatites are developped at this time. Granoblastites with the paragenesis: quartz-biotite-sillimanite-cordierite-K feldspar are also found. 80th types of rocks are related with large volumes of calcoalcaline intrusions which affected previously metamorphized and dehydrated rocks. Minimum P-T metamorphic conditions are approximate to 4 Kb and 750 oC for PH20 lower than Pt. Cordierite bearing rocks are J;lot restites since their chemical compositions are quite similar to compositions of slates and schists

El dique de Irrondo de Besullo (Cangas de Narcea. Asturias).

[Resumen] El dique está compuesto por rocas de tipo diorítico y granodlorítico cuyas características petrográficas (granos de cuarzo corroídos y rodeados de coronas de piroxenos) y químicas (contenidos anómalos en U, Rb Y Sr) no favorecen una correlación genética basada en un proceso de diferenciación sino en un proceso de hibridación magmática[Abstract] lhe dyke is composed of dioritic and granodioritic rocks, Its petrographic (corroded quartz rounded by a rim of piroxenes) and chemical(annmalous U, Rb and Sr content) characteristics don't favoura geneticcorrelation based on a differentiation process but on a magmatic hybridization proces

Rachas secas y gradiente pluviométrico en la cuenca del Duero

Ponencia presentada en: III Congreso de la Asociación Española de Climatología “El agua y el clima”, celebrado en Palma de Mallorca del 16 al 19 de junio de 2002.[ES]Se estudian las rachas secas a lo largo de un marcado gradiente pluviométrico entre el sector central de la cuenca del Duero, con una precipitación media anual inferior a 400 mm, y la Sierra de Salamanca con más de 1.000 mm. Los resultados, considerando el umbral de 0,1 mm en la definición de “día seco”, muestran la elevada duración y frecuencia de las rachas secas en el conjunto del transecto, con una racha media de 10 días y un valor medio de las rachas máximas anuales superior a 40 días, manifestando una marcada mediterraneidad a pesar de su ubicación en la mitad septentrional de la Península Ibérica y del carácter montañoso de parte del mismo. No obstante, sí se observa un comportamiento diferencial, de acuerdo con el gradiente, cuando se consideran umbrales de lluvia (=10 mm) que discriminan las precipitaciones que realmente inciden sobre la disponibilidad hídrica de los ecosistemas.[EN]The aim of the present work is to study the dry spells along a marked rainfall gradient from the central part of the Duero basin, with an average annual precipitation below 400 mm, to Salamanca Rangeland, with precipitation recordings above 1000 m. Considering as dry days those with precipitations of = 0.1 mm, the results of the analysis show a high duration and frequency of dry spells for the overall zone: mean duration over 10 days and the mean duration of maximum dry spells is higher than 40 days. Although the study area is located in the northern part of Iberian Peninsula and the mountainous sector is important, this analysis indicates the Mediterranean climatic characteristics of the transect. However, the differences were noteworthy, according with the rainfall gradient, when threshold rainfalls (= 10 mm) related with water availability of ecosystems are used.Los autores quieren expresar su agradecimiento al Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (Proyecto REN2000-1157) y a la Junta de Castilla y León (Proyecto SA55/00A) por la financiación que ha hecho posible este trabajo

Contact metamorphism associated to the Penamacor - Monsanto granitic intrusion (Central Portugal): geochemical, isotopic and mineralogical features

Contact metamorphism related to Variscan and late-Variscan granitic plutons in the Iberian Peninsula is superimposed on medium-grade regional metamorphism, making it often difficult to evaluate per se the thermal effects due to those intrusions and explaining the paucity of scientific literature on the subject. An exhaustive set of geochemical, isotopic and mineralogical data on the contact-zone metasediments hosting the Penamacor-Monsanto granite (Central Iberian Zone, Portugal) provides a significant contribution to the characterization of low- to intermediate-grade contact metamorphism in geological contexts formerly affected by regional metamorphism. The metasediments hosting the Penamacor-Monsanto pluton belong to the extensive detrital sequence of the ante-Ordovician Schist-Greywacke Complex. Bulk geochemistry, oxygen isotope data and crystal-chemistry of key minerals from those contact-zone and neighbouring metasediments have made it possible to infer metamorphic conditions on the contact zone of this granitic intrusion, and to distinguish them from late boron-metasomatism at the exocontact. Mineral paragenesis (muscovite + biotite + chlorite quartz plagioclase cordierite, in spotted-schists; biotite + chlorite quartz plagioclase ( cordierite), in hornfelses) and the composition of these coexisting mineral phases indicate that most of the contact rocks reached the biotite zone (or even the cordierite zone, in some cases), equivalent to upper greenschist – lower amphibolite metamorphic grade. The relatively narrow range of O-isotope temperatures estimated for the crystallization of the marginal granites (550-625ºC) explains the absence of significant effects of thermal flow anisotropy on the contact-zone rocks. Besides, textural, paragenetic, mineralogical, isotopic and geochemical nuances observed in hornfelses and spotted-schists seem mainly related to the local host-rock heterogeneities, rather than to thermal effects. The relatively low temperatures estimated for granitoid emplacement and their restricted isotopic and mineralogical impacts on the metasedimentary host-rocks account for the narrow metamorphic aureole associated with the Penamacor-Monsanto pluton, and suggest this massif may correspond to the outcropping tip of a larger granitic intrusion at depth.Las intrusions graníticas Varíscicas y tardivaríscicas de la Península Ibérica dieron lugar a un metamorfsmo de contacto que afecta a un encajante previamente sometido a un metamorfsmo regional de grado medio, lo que difculta separar los efectos térmicos de aquellos regionales, y explica la escasez de estudios sobre el mismo. El estudio detallado de la zona de contacto entre el Granito de Penamacor-Monsanto (Zona Centro-Ibérica; Portugal) y su encajante metasedimentario mediante técnicas geoquímicas, mineralógicas e isotópicas supone una notable contribución al conocimiento y caracterización del metamorfsmo de contacto de grados bajos a intermedios en contextos geológicos previamente afectados por metamorfsmo regional. El encajante metasedimentario del Plutón de Penamacor-Monsanto es parte de la amplia secuencia detrítica ante-Ordovícia conocida como Complejo Esquisto-Grawackico. Datos geoquímicos de roca total y cristaloquímicos de los minerales más característicos, y relaciones isotópicas de oxígeno en la zona de contacto y metasedimentos aledaños permiten inferir las condiciones metamórfcas en la zona de contacto de dicha intrusión, y diferenciarla de aquella afectada por metasomatismo tardío por B. La paragénesis mineral (muscovita + biotita + clorita ± cuarzo ± plagioclasa ± cordierita en los esquistos moteados; biotita + clorita ± cuarzo ± plagiclasa (± cordierita) en corneanas) y la composición de las fases minerales coexistentes indican que la mayoría de rocas del contacto alcanzaron la zona de la biotita (e incluso, en algunos casos, aquella de la cordierita), equivalente a la parte alta del grado metamórfco de los esquistos verdes, o a la parte baja de las anfbolitas. El rango relativamente pequeño de temperaturas de cristalización de los granitos marginales (550-625°C), calculado mediante isótopos de oxígeno, explica la carencia de anisotropías térmicas signifcativas en las rocas del contacto. Las sutiles diferencias texturales, paragenéticas, mineralógicas, isotópicas y geoquímicas en esquistos moteados y corneanas parecen relacionadas con heterogeneidades locales de los encajantes, y no con efectos térmicos diferenciados. Las temperaturas relativamente bajas estimadas durante la intrusión del granito de Penamacor-Monsanto, y el limitado efecto mineralógico e isotópico sobre el encajante metasedimentario, dan lugar a una aureola de contacto estrecha, y sugieren que este macizo puede corresponder al techo de una intrusión mayor en profundidad.Funding was provided by FCT—Fundação para a Ciên cia e Tecnologia, through project METMOB (PTDC/CTE-GIX/116204/2009

Identification of TRPC6 as a possible candidate target gene within an amplicon at 11q21-q22.2 for migratory capacity in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas

Abstract: Background: Cytogenetic and gene expression analyses in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) have allowed identification of genomic aberrations that may contribute to cancer pathophysiology. Nevertheless, the molecular consequences of numerous genetic alterations still remain unclear. Methods: To identify novel genes implicated in HNSCC pathogenesis, we analyzed the genomic alterations present in five HNSCC-derived cell lines by array CGH, and compared high level focal gene amplifications with gene expression levels to identify genes whose expression is directly impacted by these genetic events. Next, we knocked down TRPC6, one of the most highly amplified and over-expressed genes, to characterize the biological roles of TRPC6 in carcinogenesis. Finally, real time PCR was performed to determine TRPC6 gene dosage and mRNA levels in normal mucosa and human HNSCC tissues. Results: The data showed that the HNSCC-derived cell lines carry most of the recurrent genomic abnormalities previously described in primary tumors. High-level genomic amplifications were found at four chromosomal sites (11q21-q22.2, 18p11.31-p11.21, 19p13.2-p13.13, and 21q11) with associated gene expression changes in selective candidate genes suggesting that they may play an important role in the malignant behavior of HNSCC. One of the most dramatic alterations of gene transcription involved the TRPC6 gene (located at 11q21-q22.2) which has been recently implicated in tumour invasiveness. siRNA-induced knockdown of TRPC6 expression in HNSCC-derived cells dramatically inhibited HNSCC-cell invasion but did not significantly alter cell proliferation. Importantly, amplification and concomitant overexpression of TRPC6 was also found in HNSCC tumour samples. Conclusions: Altogether, these data show that TRPC6 is likely to be a target for 11q21-22.2 amplification that confers enhanced invasive behavior to HNSCC cells. Therefore, TRPC6 may be a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of HNSCC.This work was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria [FIS PI11/929 to M.-D.C and C. S.]; Red Tematica de Investigacion Cooperativa en Cancer [RD12/0036/0015] Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness & European Regional Development Fund (ERDF); and Obra Social CajAstur-Instituto Universitario de Oncologia del Principado de Asturias.Bernaldo De Quirós, S.; Merlo, A.; Secades, P.; Zambrano, I.; Saenz De Santa María, I.; Ugidos, N.; Jantus Lewintre, E.... (2013). Identification of TRPC6 as a possible candidate target gene within an amplicon at 11q21-q22.2 for migratory capacity in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. 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