Rassenonderzoek witte asperge seizoen 2001-2002

In 2000 zijn twee nieuwe rassenproeven witte asperge aangelegd in Meterik, Nederland (PPO) en in Geel, België (PDLT). Er zijn 10 dezelfde rassen aangeplant op beide plaatsen. De rassen zijn gezaaid bij plantenkwekerij de Kemp in Meterik in 1999. Het sortiment bestaat uit de Hollandse rassen Backlim, Gijnlim, Thielim, Grolim afkomstig van Asparagus BV te Horst en de Duitse rassen Eposs, Ramada, Ramos, Ravel , Rally (96013) en Rapsody (96071) afkomstig van SWD Saatsucht. De Nederlandse rassen worden verkocht door Nunhem en de Duitse door Royal Sluis

Mortality along the continuum of HIV care in Rwanda: a model-based analysis

HIV is the leading cause of death among adults in sub-Saharan Africa. However, mortality along the HIV care continuum is poorly described. We combine demographic, epidemiologic, and health services data to estimate where are people with HIV dying along Rwanda's care continuum.; We calibrated an age-structured HIV disease and transmission stochastic simulation model to the epidemic in Rwanda. We estimate mortality among HIV-infected individuals in the following states: untested, tested without establishing care in an antiretroviral therapy (ART) program (unlinked), in care before initiating ART (pre-ART), lost to follow-up (LTFU) following ART initiation, and retained in active ART care. We estimated mortality among people living with HIV in Rwanda through 2025 under current conditions, and with improvements to the HIV care continuum.; In 2014, the greatest portion of deaths occurred among those untested (35.4%), followed by those on ART (34.1%), reflecting the large increase in the population on ART. Deaths among those LTFU made up 11.8% of all deaths among HIV-infected individuals in 2014, and in the base case this portion increased to 18.8% in 2025, while the contribution to mortality declined among those untested, unlinked, and in pre-ART. In our model only combined improvements to multiple aspects of the HIV care continuum were projected to reduce the total number of deaths among those with HIV, estimated at 8177 in 2014, rising to 10,659 in the base case, and declining to 5,691 with combined improvements in 2025.; Mortality among those untested for HIV contributes a declining portion of deaths among HIV-infected individuals in Rwanda, but the portion of deaths among those LTFU is expected to increase the most over the next decade. Combined improvements to the HIV care continuum might be needed to reduce the number of deaths among those with HIV

Prospective single and multi-phase short-circuit current levels in the Dutch transmission, sub-transmission and distribution grids

As elsewhere in the world, also in the Netherlands utilities face an increase in the actual and future short-circuit current levels at all voltages. This development is provoked by the required increase in transmission capacity as well as the concentration of power generation capacity. Large electricity production sites are moved to peripheral locations, thus overstressing the local transmission networks with respect to both the transmission capacity and the short-circuit power withstand capability. Dispersed power generation facilities, like windmills and co-generation plants for greenhouses, tend to appear in the same (optimal) neighborhoods, thus overstressing the local distribution and subtransmission networks. In the paper the development of short-circuit currents in the Dutch 400 kV-grid is illustrated. In addition, some particular aspects of the short-circuit currents will be addressed: three-phase and single phase fault currents, DC-time constants, peak values, contributions from transformers and distributed generators. Practical calculation guidelines on the actual short-circuit contribution from generators will be given. An example of design of a 400 kV station extension, emphasizing short-circuit current considerations is evaluated. National and international trends are addressed. More severe specifications of substation equipment lead to adapted designs and adequate testing procedures. Examples from testing of the consequences of short-circuit currents and fault arcs of 80 kA and above are highlighted

Polarization-dependent ponderomotive gradient force in a standing wave

The ponderomotive force is derived for a relativistic charged particle entering an electromagnetic standing wave with a general three-dimensional field distribution and a nonrelativistic intensity, using a perturbation expansion method. It is shown that the well-known ponderomotive gradient force expression does not hold for this situation. The modified expression is still of simple gradient form, but contains additional polarization-dependent terms. These terms arise because the relativistic translational velocity induces a quiver motion in the direction of the magnetic force, which is the direction of large field gradients. Oscillation of the Lorentz factor effectively doubles this magnetic contribution. The derived ponderomotive force generalizes the polarization-dependent electron motion in a standing wave obtained earlier [A.E. Kaplan and A.L. Pokrovsky, Phys. Rev. Lett. $\bm{95}$, 053601 (2005)]. Comparison with simulations in the case of a realistic, non-idealized, three-dimensional field configuration confirms the general validity of the analytical results.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure

Аналіз кількісних та якісних характеристик динаміки наукових кадрів вищої кваліфікації України

Обговорюється проблема кількісних характеристик та індикаторів якості науково-кадрового потенціалу науки, методики їх оцінки. Наведено кількісну оцінку динаміки та сучасного стану науково-кадрового потенціалу вищої кваліфікації України, оцінку динаміки та сучасного стану його якісних показників.Обсуждается проблема количественных характеристик и индикаторов качества научно-кадрового потенциала науки, методики их оценки. Приведены количественная оценка динамики и современного состояния научно -кадрового потенциала высшей квалификации Украины, оценка динамики и современного состояния его качественных показателей.The discussion concerns the problem of quantitative parameters and indicators reflecting the quality of R&D personnel, and their measurement methodology. A quantitative measure is given of the dynamics, current conditions and qualitative indicators of the Ukrainian R&D personnel of the highest qualification