New and old mosquito records for extreme southern Florida (Diptera: Culicidae)

New locality records for Culiseta inornata (Williston) are reported from Big Pine Key, Grassy Key, and No Name Key in Monroe County, Florida. Five specimens were collected in dry ice-baited light traps. An old, previously unrecognized record for Anopheles grabhamii Theobald from Miami, Dade County, Florida, is reported based on specimens found in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods

New and old mosquito records for extreme southern Florida (Diptera: Culicidae)

New locality records for Culiseta inornata (Williston) are reported from Big Pine Key, Grassy Key, and No Name Key in Monroe County, Florida. Five specimens were collected in dry ice-baited light traps. An old, previously unrecognized record for Anopheles grabhamii Theobald from Miami, Dade County, Florida, is reported based on specimens found in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods

New records of biting and predaceous midges from Florida, including species new to the fauna of the United States (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

We provide new records of biting and predaceous midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Florida, including the first documented United States records of Atrichopogon (Atrichopogon) caribbeanus Ewen, Dasyhelea griseola Wirth, D. scissurae Macfie, and Brachypogon (Brachypogon) woodruffi Spinelli and Grogan. Atrichopogon (Meloehelea) downesi Wirth, Forcipomyia (Thyridomyia) monilicornis (Coquillett), F. (T.) nodosa Saunders, Ceratoculicoides blantoni Wirth and Ratanaworabhan, Mallochohelea albibasis (Malloch), Bezzia (Bezzia) imbifida Dow and Turner and B. (B.) mallochi Wirth are recorded for the first time from Florida. Forcipomyia (Thyridomyia) johannseni Thomsen, Bezzia (Bezzia) expolita (Coquillett), and B. (B.) pulverea (Coquillett) are deleted from the ceratopogonid fauna of Florida. Dasyhelea koenigi Delécolle and Rieb is a junior objective synonym of Dasyhelea scissurae Macfie (NEW SYNONYM). The total number of Ceratopogonidae recorded from Florida is now 249 species contained within 27 genera

Apple superficial scald preventi1on by vapour treatments

Superficial scald is a postharvest physiological disorder of apples characterized by browning of apple skin during prolonged storage. It has been hypothesized that conjugated triene hydroperoxides (CTH) attack cell membranes causing membrane perturbation and the manifestation of the disorder. The purpose of this study was to compare the common synthetic antioxidant diphenylamine (DPA) treatment with postharvest vapour treatments for superficial scald prevention. Apples cv. ‚Granny Smith™ were treated with ethanol, methanol and »apple aroma« vapours. The influence of these treatments on scald susceptibility and sensorial quality of apples was examined. The ethanol treatments were effective in superficial scald prevention but they caused a high incidence of internal browning after two months of storage. The 10 day treatments at 20 °C developed very pronounced internal browning after storage. The aroma treatment was the least effective in apple scald prevention but no internal disorders appeared after storage. Apples treated with methanol at 20 °C retain a great deal of their initial green colour. Vapour treatments demonstrated to be potential methods for scald prevention. Additional research is needed to minimise the internal disorders of treated fruit

Content of certain food components in flesh and stones of the cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) genotypes

The aim of this study was to determine the colour components (L*, a*, b*), soluble solid (SS), water and L-ascorbic acid contents in the fruit of ten different genotypes of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) Fatty-acid composition, the total fat and ash and mineral contents were determined in the stones. The values of the colour components were: L* from 21.51 to 27.85, a* from 8.64 to 26.22, and b* from 2.15 to 11.90. They contained from 10.70 % to 19.30 % SS. The L-ascorbic-acid content ranged from 29.29 to 86.40 mg/100 g. The genotypes showed statistically significant differences according to the colour parameters and the content of soluble solids and L-ascorbic acid. In 100 g stones, there were from 5.82 to 6.73 g water, from 0.84 to 1.51 g ash, and from 4.45 to 7.94 g fat. For the fatty-acid composition, these were mainly represented by: linoleic acid from 64.78 % to 72.21 %; oleic acid from 15.50 % to 22.97 %; palmitic acid from 7.31 % to 8.11 %; stearic acid from 2.02 % to 2.99 %; linolenic acid from 1.47 % to 1.62 %; and arachidic acid from 0.27 % to 1.52 %. The genotypes showed statistically significant variations in the content of fatty acids with the exception of linolenic acid. 100 g of stones contained: calcium from 385.79 to 432.91 mg; potassium from 243.09 to 327.04 mg; phosphorus from 152.01 to 261.48 mg; magnesium from 39.38 to 56.68 mg; sodium from 13.22 to 19.40 mg; and copper from 0.39 to 0.81 mg

How Water's Properties Are Encoded in Its Molecular Structure and Energies.

How are water's material properties encoded within the structure of the water molecule? This is pertinent to understanding Earth's living systems, its materials, its geochemistry and geophysics, and a broad spectrum of its industrial chemistry. Water has distinctive liquid and solid properties: It is highly cohesive. It has volumetric anomalies-water's solid (ice) floats on its liquid; pressure can melt the solid rather than freezing the liquid; heating can shrink the liquid. It has more solid phases than other materials. Its supercooled liquid has divergent thermodynamic response functions. Its glassy state is neither fragile nor strong. Its component ions-hydroxide and protons-diffuse much faster than other ions. Aqueous solvation of ions or oils entails large entropies and heat capacities. We review how these properties are encoded within water's molecular structure and energies, as understood from theories, simulations, and experiments. Like simpler liquids, water molecules are nearly spherical and interact with each other through van der Waals forces. Unlike simpler liquids, water's orientation-dependent hydrogen bonding leads to open tetrahedral cage-like structuring that contributes to its remarkable volumetric and thermal properties

Total phenol content and antioxidant activity of water solutions of plant extracts

Water solutions of extracts were investigated for total phenol content, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity. Susceptibility to degradation of water solutions of plant extracts, under light and in the dark, during storage at room temperature was investigated in order to determine their stability prior to their application for fortification of food products. Large dispersion of total phenol (TP) content in the investigated model solutions of selected extracts (olive leaves, green tea, red grape, red wine, pine bark PE 5:1, pine bark PE 95 %, resveratrol), ranging from 11.10 mg GAE/100 mL to 92.19 mg GAE/100 mL was observed. Consequently, large dispersion of total flavonoids (TF) content (8.89 mg to 61.75 mg CTE/100 mL) was also observed. Since phenols have been mostly responsible for antioxidant activity of extracts, in most cases, antioxidant activity followed the TP content. That was proven by estimation of correlation coefficient between the total phenol content and antioxidant activity. Correlation coefficients between investigated parameters ranged from 0.5749 to 0.9604. During storage of 5 weeks at room temperature loss of phenols and flavonoids occurred. Antioxidant activity decreased with the decrease of TP and TF content. Degradations of phenols and flavonoids were more pronounced in samples stored at light

A New Method for the Determination of Water Content in Extra Dry Gases

The water content in extra dry gases can be determined by the condensation of water vapor on the cooled walls of the container. After separation, vapor pressure is measured at room temperature by the Pirani vacuummeter. In favorable conditions water content as low as 1 μg per liter of gas at NTP can be detected