MACRO- AND MICRO ELEMENT LEVELS IN CEREALS GROWN IN LOWER AUSTRIA

In order to study the effects of soil type and site conditions upon essential element levels in cereals, a pilot study of field and pot experiments were carried out on a Dystric cambisol, a Gleyic luvisol, a Calcareous phaeozem, and a Calcareous chernozem in 3 subsequent years. Based on the results of multiemelent analyses, it was evident that P and Zn were found mainly in the grains, and Ca, Fe, and Mn preferably in the straw. Concentrations in the grains were kept rather constant for Fe, Mn, S, and P, whereas the straw acted as a buffer to store excess mobile amounts. Apart from some differences due to cereal species and cultivars, additional supply of nutrient element fertilizer solution and shorter root length led to higher Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in cereals grown in pots, and a shift in the grain/straw ratios for Ca. Thus, the results obtained in pot experiments cannot be directly transferred to fi eld conditions. From at least 5 replicates of each setup, on the average, precision of analytical data obtained for whole grain samples was better than for straw samples, and precision obtained in pot experiments was less than those in fi eld experiments. In pot experiments, increase of the number of replicates from 5 to 10 or 20 did not improve analytical precision

SELENIUM UPTAKE IN CEREALS GROWN IN LOWER AUSTRIA

In order to ensure optimum trace element supply via cereals, the uptake of selenium from a selenate containing NPK fertilizer (20:8:8, with 20 mg/kg selenate Se) was tested. A series of fi eld and pot experiments were run on a cambisol, a clay soil, a calcareous phaeozem, and a chernozem within the physiologically feasible range in 3 subsequent years. Selenate addition led to a signifi cant increase in all kinds of cereals investigated, and the memory in subsequent years was poor. The transfer of added selenium to the grains ranged between 0,7 and 4,7% in the fi eld conditions, and between 1,6 and 5,4 % from the pots. In the grains, selenium was specifi ed mainly as seleno-methionine. The selenium addition did not affect the contents of the other essential trace elements. Uptake from pot and fi eld experiments was different

Understanding the complex phase diagram of uranium: the role of electron-phonon coupling

We report an experimental determination of the dispersion of the soft phonon mode along [1,0,0] in uranium as a function of pressure. The energies of these phonons increase rapidly, with conventional behavior found by 20 GPa, as predicted by recent theory. New calculations demonstrate the strong pressure (and momentum) dependence of the electron-phonon coupling, whereas the Fermi-surface nesting is surprisingly independent of pressure. This allows a full understanding of the complex phase diagram of uranium, and the interplay between the charge-density wave and superconductivity

Momentum Dependence of Charge Excitations in the Electron-Doped Superconductor Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4: a RIXS Study

We report a resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) study of charge excitations in the electron-doped high-Tc superconductor Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4. The intraband and interband excitations across the Fermi energy are separated for the first time by tuning the experimental conditions properly to measure charge excitations at low energy. A dispersion relation with q-dependent width emerges clearly in the intraband excitation, while the intensity of the interband excitation is concentrated around 2 eV near the zone center. The experimental results are consistent with theoretical calculation of the RIXS spectra based on the Hubbard model

Hierarchical spin-orbital polarisation of a giant Rashba system

The Rashba effect is one of the most striking manifestations of spin-orbit coupling in solids, and provides a cornerstone for the burgeoning field of semiconductor spintronics. It is typically assumed to manifest as a momentum-dependent splitting of a single initially spin-degenerate band into two branches with opposite spin polarisation. Here, combining polarisation-dependent and resonant angle-resolved photoemission measurements with density-functional theory calculations, we show that the two "spin-split" branches of the model giant Rashba system BiTeI additionally develop disparate orbital textures, each of which is coupled to a distinct spin configuration. This necessitates a re-interpretation of spin splitting in Rashba-like systems, and opens new possibilities for controlling spin polarisation through the orbital sector.Comment: 11 pages including supplemental figures, accepted for publication at Science Advance

Emergence of the nematic electronic state in FeSe

We present a comprehensive study of the evolution of the nematic electronic structure of FeSe using high resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), quantum oscillations in the normal state and elastoresistance measurements. Our high resolution ARPES allows us to track the Fermi surface deformation from four-fold to two-fold symmetry across the structural transition at ~87 K which is stabilized as a result of the dramatic splitting of bands associated with dxz and dyz character. The low temperature Fermi surface is that a compensated metal consisting of one hole and two electron bands and is fully determined by combining the knowledge from ARPES and quantum oscillations. A manifestation of the nematic state is the significant increase in the nematic susceptibility as approaching the structural transition that we detect from our elastoresistance measurements on FeSe. The dramatic changes in electronic structure cannot be explained by the small lattice effects and, in the absence of magnetic fluctuations above the structural transition, points clearly towards an electronically driven transition in FeSe stabilized by orbital-charge ordering.Comment: Latex, 8 pages, 4 figure