7,659 research outputs found
Born-Infeld inspired modifications of gravity
General Relativity has shown an outstanding observational success in the
scales where it has been directly tested. However, modifications have been
intensively explored in the regimes where it seems either incomplete or signals
its own limit of validity. In particular, the breakdown of unitarity near the
Planck scale strongly suggests that General Relativity needs to be modified at
high energies and quantum gravity effects are expected to be important. This is
related to the existence of spacetime singularities when the solutions of
General Relativity are extrapolated to regimes where curvatures are large. In
this sense, Born-Infeld inspired modifications of gravity have shown an
extraordinary ability to regularise the gravitational dynamics, leading to
non-singular cosmologies and regular black hole spacetimes in a very robust
manner and without resorting to quantum gravity effects. This has boosted the
interest in these theories in applications to stellar structure, compact
objects, inflationary scenarios, cosmological singularities, and black hole and
wormhole physics, among others. We review the motivations, various
formulations, and main results achieved within these theories, including their
observational viability, and provide an overview of current open problems and
future research opportunities.Comment: 212 pages, Review under press at Physics Report
Sensitivity analysis of the solar rotation to helioseismic data from GONG, GOLF and MDI observations
Accurate determination of the rotation rate in the radiative zone of the sun
from helioseismic observations requires rotational frequency splittings of
exceptional quality as well as reliable inversion techniques. We present here
inferences based on mode parameters calculated from 2088-days long MDI, GONG
and GOLF time series that were fitted to estimate very low frequency rotational
splittings (nu < 1.7 mHz). These low frequency modes provide data of
exceptional quality, since the width of the mode peaks is much smaller than the
rotational splitting and hence it is much easier to separate the rotational
splittings from the effects caused by the finite lifetime and the stochastic
excitation of the modes. We also have implemented a new inversion methodology
that allows us to infer the rotation rate of the radiative interior from mode
sets that span l=1 to 25. Our results are compatible with the sun rotating like
a rigid solid in most of the radiative zone and slowing down in the core (R_sun
< 0.2). A resolution analysis of the inversion was carried out for the solar
rotation inverse problem. This analysis effectively establishes a direct
relationship between the mode set included in the inversion and the sensitivity
and information content of the resulting inferences. We show that such an
approach allows us to determine the effect of adding low frequency and low
degree p-modes, high frequency and low degree p-modes, as well as some g-modes
on the derived rotation rate in the solar radiative zone, and in particular the
solar core. We conclude that the level of uncertainties that is needed to infer
the dynamical conditions in the core when only p-modes are included is unlikely
to be reached in the near future, and hence sustained efforts are needed
towards the detection and characterization of g-modes.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astrophysical journal. 15 pages, 19
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Variations of the solar granulation motions with height using the GOLF/SoHO experiment
Below 1 mHz, the power spectrum of helioseismic velocity measurements is
dominated by the spectrum of convective motions (granulation and
supergranulation) making it difficult to detect the low-order acoustic modes
and the gravity modes. We want to better understand the behavior of solar
granulation as a function of the observing height in the solar atmosphere and
with magnetic activity during solar cycle 23. We analyze the Power Spectral
Density (PSD) of eleven years of GOLF/SOHO velocity-time series using a
Harvey-type model to characterize the properties of the convective motions in
the solar oscillation power spectrum. We study then the evolution of the
granulation with the altitude in the solar atmosphere and with the solar
activity. First, we show that the traditional use of a lorentzian profile to
fit the envelope of the p modes is not well suitable for GOLF data. Indeed, to
properly model the solar spectrum, we need a second lorentzian profile. Second,
we show that the granulation clearly evolves with the height in the photosphere
but does not present any significant variation with the activity cycle.Comment: Paper accepted in A&A. 7 pages, 4 figures, 2 table
Surface magnetism in ZnO/Co3O4 mixtures
We recently reported the observation of room temperature ferromagnetism in
mixtures of ZnO and Co3O4 despite the diamagnetic and antiferromagnetic
character of these oxides respectively. Here we present a detailed study on the
electronic structure of this material in order to account for this unexpected
ferromagnetism. Electrostatic interactions between both oxides lead to a
dispersion of Co3O4 particles over the surface of ZnO larger ones. As a
consequence, the reduction of Co+3 to Co2+ at the particle surface takes place
as evidenced by XAS measurements and optical spectrocopy. This reduction allows
to xplain the observed ferromagnetic signal within the well established
theories of magnetism.Comment: Accepted in Journal of Applied Physic
Detection of periodic signatures in the solar power spectrum. On the track of l=1 gravity modes
In the present work we show robust indications of the existence of g modes in
the Sun using 10 years of GOLF data. The present analysis is based on the
exploitation of the collective properties of the predicted low-frequency (25 to
140 microHz) g modes: their asymptotic nature, which implies a quasi
equidistant separation of their periods for a given angular degree (l). The
Power Spectrum (PS) of the Power Spectrum Density (PSD), reveals a significant
structure indicating the presence of features (peaks) in the PSD with near
equidistant periods corresponding to l=1 modes in the range n=-4 to n=-26. The
study of its statistical significance of this feature was fully undertaken and
complemented with Monte Carlo simulations. This structure has a confidence
level better than 99.86% not to be due to pure noise. Furthermore, a detailed
study of this structure suggests that the gravity modes have a much more
complex structure than the one initially expected (line-widths, magnetic
splittings...). Compared to the latest solar models, the obtained results tend
to favor a solar core rotating significantly faster than the rest of the
radiative zone. In the framework of the Phoebus group, we have also applied the
same methodology to other helioseismology instruments on board SoHO and ground
based networks.Comment: Proceedings of the SOHO-18/GONG2006/HELAS I: Beyond the spherical Su
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