Cuts, Cancellations and the Closed Time Path: The Soft Leptogenesis Example

By including all leading quantum-statistical effects at finite temperature, we show that no net asymmetry of leptons and sleptons is generated from soft leptogenesis, save the possible contribution from the resonant mixing of sneutrinos. This result contrasts with different conclusions appearing in the literature that are based on an incomplete inclusion of quantum statistics. We discuss vertex and wave-function diagrams as well as all different possible kinematic cuts that nominally lead to CP-violating asymmetries. The present example of soft leptogenesis may therefore serve as a paradigm in order to identify more generally applicable caveats relevant to alternative scenarios for baryogenesis and leptogenesis, and it may provide useful guidance in constructing viable models.Comment: 38 page

Hybrid Inflation Exit through Tunneling

For hybrid inflationary potentials, we derive the tunneling rate from field configurations along the flat direction towards the waterfall regime. This process competes with the classically rolling evolution of the scalar fields and needs to be strongly subdominant for phenomenologically viable models. Tunneling may exclude models with a mass scale below 10^12 GeV, but can be suppressed by small values of the coupling constants. We find that tunneling is negligible for those models, which do not require fine tuning in order to cancel radiative corrections, in particular for GUT-scale SUSY inflation. In contrast, electroweak scale hybrid inflation is not viable, unless the inflaton-waterfall field coupling is smaller than approximately 10^-11.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figure

Analyse et amélioration d'un indice pluviométrique mensuel régional pour les grandes plaines du sud des États-Unis

L'indice pluviométrique mensuel proposé par le National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) est égal à la moyenne arithmétique des précipitations observées à certaines stations de la division climatique. Les différents problèmes d'homogénéité des données prises en compte par le NCDC pour le calcul de l'indice sont quantifiés pour la région climatique centrale de l'Oklahoma. Une amélioration de la méthode de calcul est proposée. Le calcul de ce nouvel indice utilise un nombre fixe de stations et fait appel à une méthode d'estimation des données manquantes. L'estimation des valeurs manquantes permet de disposer d'un jeu de données complet, ce qui augmente la représentativité de l'indice. Les moyennes mensuelles des valeurs absolues des différences entre l'indice NCDC et l'indice proposé sont comprises entre 6 % (mai) et 13 % (août) des précipitations moyennes et entre 9 % (novembre) et 24 % (août) des écart-types mensuels. Ces valeurs démontrent que les problèmes liés à la méthode de calcul d'un indice pluviométrique mensuel régional utilisée par le NCDC peuvent être importants. Les résultats de recherches sur la variabilité temporelle des précipitations utilisant un indice pluviométrique régional devraient être interprétés en connaissance de ces différences.The NCDC monthly precipitation index is computed as a simple average of the monthly precipitation at several stations within a climate division. The influences of the discontinuities in records used by NCDC are quantified for the central climate division of Oklahoma. An improvement of the calculation method is proposed. The number of stations used is fixed and the missing monthly data values are filled. The monthly averages of the absolute values of the differences between the two indices vary from 6 % (May) to 13 % (August) of the mean monthly precipitation and from 9 % (November) to 24 % (August) of their mean temporal variations. These values demonstrate that the discontinuities in station records of the NCDC divisional precipitation index can be relevant and that research results on regional precipitation variability should be interpreted with consideration of the approximation errors introduced

Variations spatiales et temporelles des précipitations des neuf division climatiques de l'Oklahoma et implications pour l'utilisation locale de l'indice régional

L'objectif de cette étude est de quantifier l'importance des variations spatiales des précipitations mensuelles par rapport à leurs variations temporelles régionales à l'échelle des divisions climatiques de l'Oklahoma. Les variations des précipitations à l'intérieur d'une division climatique sont supposées être constituées par trois composantes : les variations spatiales systématiques, les variations temporelles moyennes de la division climatique et les variations aléatoires. Les variations spatiales systématiques sont définies par le gradient des précipitations moyennes sur l'intégralité de la période. Les variations temporelles moyennes de la division climatique sont représentées par les variations temporelles de la moyenne spatiale des précipitations observées aux stations de la division, cette moyenne étant appelée indice régional. Les variations aléatoires sont estimées avec les différences entre les valeurs centrées réduites des précipitations observées aux stations et celles de l'indice régional. Cette étude montre que les amplitudes des variations aléatoires des précipitations mensuelles des neuf divisions climatiques de l'Oklahoma sont significatives par rapport aux variations temporelles régionales. La quantification de l'amplitude des variations aléatoires est importante pour l'utilisation des prévisions régionales des précipitations, car elle permet de déterminer les plages de variation des précipitations locales autour de l'indice régional et donc l'augmentation des risques pris par les utilisateurs des prévisions régionales pour des applications locales.The objective of this study is to quantify the magnitude of the spatial variations of the monthly precipitation and relate them to the regional temporal variations of the monthly precipitation at the spatial scale of the climate division of Oklahoma. The precipitation variations within a climate division are assumed to consist of three components: the systematic spatial variations, the mean temporal variations of the climate division, and random variations. The systematic spatial variations are defined with the long-term precipitation gradient. The mean temporal variations of the climate division are represented by the temporal variations of the spatial average of the precipitation observed at the stations included in the climate division; this average is called divisional precipitation. The random variations are estimated with the differences between the standardized values of station and divisional precipitation. This study shows that the magnitude of the random variations of the monthly precipitation of the nine climate divisions of Oklahoma is significant compared to the regional temporal variations. The quantification of the magnitude of the random variations is critical for the use of regional precipitation forecasts, because it allows one to define ranges of local precipitation around the divisional precipitation, and then to quantify the increase of the risk taken by local users of the regional precipitation forecasts

Lamb Shift of Unruh Detector Levels

We argue that the energy levels of an Unruh detector experience an effect similar to the Lamb shift in Quantum Electrodynamics. As a consequence, the spectrum of energy levels in a curved background is different from that in flat space. As examples, we consider a detector in an expanding Universe and in Rindler space, and for the latter case we suggest a new expression for the local virtual energy density seen by an accelerated observer. In the ultraviolet domain, that is when the space between the energy levels is larger than the Hubble rate or the acceleration of the detector, the Lamb shift quantitatively dominates over the thermal response rate.Comment: 20 page

Constraining the Natural MSSM through tunneling to color-breaking vacua at zero and non-zero temperature

We re-evaluate the constraints on the parameter space of the minimal supersymmetric standard model from tunneling to charge- and/or color-breaking minima, taking into account thermal corrections. We pay particular attention to the region known as the Natural MSSM, where the masses of the scalar partners of the top quarks are within an order of magnitude or so of the electroweak scale. These constraints arise from the interaction between these scalar tops and the Higgs fields, which allows the possibility of parameter points having deep charge- and color-breaking true vacua. In addition to requiring that our electro-weak-symmetry-breaking, yet QCD- and electromagnetism-preserving vacuum has a sufficiently long lifetime at zero temperature, also demanding stability against thermal tunneling further restricts the allowed parameter space.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, software available from http://vevacious.hepforge.org/ - version 2 matches that accepted for publication in Phys. Lett.

Axion-Photon Conversion in 3D Media and Astrophysical Plasmas

With axions now a primary candidate for dark matter, understanding their indirect astrophysical signatures is of paramount importance. Key to this is the production of photons from axions in magnetised astrophysical plasmas. While simple formulae for axion-photon mixing in 1D have been sketched several decades ago, there has recently been renewed interest in robust calculations for this process in arbitrary 3D plasmas. These calculations are vital for understanding, amongst other things, the radio production from axion dark matter conversion in neutron stars, which may lead to indirect axion dark matter detection with current telescopes or future searches, e.g., by the SKA. In this paper, we derive the relevant transport equations in magnetised plasmas. These equations describe both the production and propagation of photons in an arbitrary 3D medium due to the resonant conversion of axions into photons. They also fully incorporate the refraction of photons, and we find no evidence for a conjectured phenomenon of de-phasing. Our result is free of divergences which plagued previous calculations, and our kinetic theory description provides a direct link between ray tracing and the production mechanism. These results mark an important step toward solving one of the major open questions concerning indirect searches of axions in recent years, namely how to compute the photon production rate from axions in arbitrary 3D plasmas.Comment: 45 Pages, 5 figures. Comments welcom

Spontaneous excitation of an accelerated multilevel atom in dipole coupling to the derivative of a scalar field

We study the spontaneous excitation of an accelerated multilevel atom in dipole coupling to the derivative of a massless quantum scalar field and separately calculate the contributions of the vacuum fluctuation and radiation reaction to the rate of change of the mean atomic energy of the atom. It is found that, in contrast to the case where a monopole like interaction between the atom and the field is assumed, there appear extra corrections proportional to the acceleration squared, in addition to corrections which can be viewed as a result of an ambient thermal bath at the Unruh temperature, as compared with the inertial case, and the acceleration induced correction terms show anisotropy with the contribution from longitudinal polarization being four times that from the transverse polarization for isotropically polarized accelerated atoms. Our results suggest that the effect of acceleration on the rate of change of the mean atomic energy is dependent not only on the quantum field to which the atom is coupled, but also on the type of the interaction even if the same quantum scalar field is considered.Comment: 11 pages, no figure

Lepton-mediated electroweak baryogenesis

We investigate the impact of the tau and bottom Yukawa couplings on the transport dynamics for electroweak baryogenesis in supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model. Although it has generally been assumed in the literature that all Yukawa interactions except those involving the top quark are negligible, we find that the tau and bottom Yukawa interaction rates are too fast to be neglected. We identify an illustrative "lepton-mediated electroweak baryogenesis" scenario in which the baryon asymmetry is induced mainly through the presence of a left-handed leptonic charge. We derive analytic formulae for the computation of the baryon asymmetry that, in light of these effects, are qualitatively different from those in the established literature. In this scenario, for fixed CP-violating phases, the baryon asymmetry has opposite sign compared to that calculated using established formulae.Comment: 26 pages, 5 figure