13,838 research outputs found
Bremsstrahlung radiation from the interaction of short laser pulses with dielectrics
An intense, short laser pulse incident on a transparent dielectric can excite
electrons from valence to the conduction band. As these electrons undergo
scattering, both from phonons and ions, they emit bremsstrahlung radiation.
Here we present a theory of bremsstrahlung emission appropriate for laser
pulse-dielectric interactions. Simulations of the interaction, incorporating
this theory, illustrate characteristics of the radiation (power, energy and
spectra) for arbitrary ratios of electron collision frequency to radiation
frequency. The conversion efficiency of laser pulse energy into bremsstrahlung
radiation depends strongly on both the intensity and duration of the pulse,
saturating at values of about 10e-5. Depending on whether the intensity is
above or below the damage threshold of the material, the emission can originate
either from the surface or the bulk of the dielectric respectively. The
bremsstrahlung emission may provide a broadband light source for diagnostics
Phase structure and confinement properties of noncompact gauge theories I
In the context of reviewing noncompact lattice gauge models at zero and
finite temperature we study in detail a contribution of the invariant measure
and the time-like plaquette configurations to correlation functions, analyze
the problem of the compactness of the potentials in respect to the confinement
and indicate the essential features to deal with the Wilson gauge theory in the
weak coupling region. A method for calculating an effective confining
noncompact model is also proposed.Comment: Latex file, 24 pages, no figure
Crystalline phase of strongly interacting Fermi mixtures
We show that the system of weakly bound molecules of heavy and light
fermionic atoms is characterized by a long-range intermolecular repulsion and
can undergo a gas-crystal quantum transition if the mass ratio exceeds a
critical value. For the critical mass ratio above 100 obtained in our
calculations, this crystalline order can be observed as a superlattice in an
optical lattice for heavy atoms with a small filling factor. We also find that
this novel system is sufficiently stable with respect to molecular relaxation
into deep bound states and to the process of trimer formation.Comment: 4 pages, 1 color figure, published versio
Unveiling extremely veiled T Tauri stars
Photospheric absorption lines in classical T Tauri stars (CTTS) are weak
compared to normal stars. This so-called veiling is normally identified with an
excess continuous emission formed in shock-heated gas at the stellar surface
below the accretion streams. We have selected four stars (RW Aur A, RU Lup, S
CrA NW and S CrA SE) with unusually strong veiling to make a detailed
investigation of veiling versus stellar brightness and emission line strengths
for comparisons to standard accretion models. We have monitored the stars
photometrically and spectroscopically at several epochs. In standard accretion
models a variable accretion rate will lead to a variable excess emission.
Consequently, the stellar brightness should vary accordingly. We find that the
veiling of absorption lines in these stars is strongly variable and usually so
large that it would require the release of several stellar luminosities of
potential energy. At states of very large line dilution, the correspondingly
large veiling factors derived correlate only weakly with brightness. Moreover,
the emission line strengths violate the expected trend of veiling versus line
strength. The veiling can change dramatically in one night, and is not
correlated with the phase of the rotation periods found for two stars. We show
that in at least three of the stars, when the veiling becomes high, the
photospheric lines become filled-in by line emission, which produces large
veiling factors unrelated to changes in any continuous emission from shocked
regions. We also consider to what extent extinction by dust and electron
scattering in the accretion stream may affect veiling measures in CTTS. We
conclude that the degree of veiling cannot be used as a measure of accretion
rates in CTTS with rich emission line spectra.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A Letters. New language-edited version.
(4 pages, 3 figures
Atom-dimer scattering and long-lived trimers in fermionic mixtures
We consider a heteronuclear fermionic mixture on the molecular side of an
interspecies Feshbach resonance and discuss atom-dimer scattering properties in
uniform space and in the presence of an external confining potential,
restricting the system to a quasi-2D geometry. We find that there is a peculiar
atom-dimer p-wave resonance which can be tuned by changing the frequency of the
confinement. Our results have implications for the ongoing experiments on
Lithium-Potassium mixtures, where this mechanism allows for switching the
p-wave interaction between a K atom and Li-K dimer from attractive to
repulsive, and forming a weakly bound trimer with unit angular momentum. We
show that such trimers are long-lived and the atom-dimer resonance does not
enhance inelastic relaxation in the mixture, making it an outstanding candidate
for studies of p-wave resonance effects in a many-body system.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, published versio
Realization of an Excited, Strongly-Correlated Quantum Gas Phase
Ultracold atomic physics offers myriad possibilities to study strongly
correlated many-body systems in lower dimensions. Typically, only ground state
phases are accessible. Using a tunable quantum gas of bosonic cesium atoms, we
realize and control in one dimensional geometry a highly excited quantum phase
that is stabilized in the presence of attractive interactions by maintaining
and strengthening quantum correlations across a confinement-induced resonance.
We diagnose the crossover from repulsive to attractive interactions in terms of
the stiffness and the energy of the system. Our results open up the
experimental study of metastable excited many-body phases with strong
correlations and their dynamical properties
Coupling between internal spin dynamics and external degrees of freedom in the presence of colored noise
We observe asymmetric transition rates between Zeeman levels (spin-flips) of
magnetically trapped atoms. The asymmetry strongly depends on the spectral
shape of an applied noise. This effect follows from the interplay between the
internal states of the atoms and their external degrees of freedom, where
different trapped levels experience different potentials. Such insight may
prove useful for controlling atomic states by the introduction of noise, as
well as provide a better understanding of the effect of noise on the coherent
operation of quantum systems.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures; accepted to PR
- …