Tensioactivos. XX. ω-Monoésteres grasos de ditioacetales de azúcares

The preparation of 5-O-lauroyl(myhstoyl, palmitoyl)-D-arabinose ethylendithioacetals, 6-O-lauroyl-D-glucose(D-galactose) ethylendithioacetals and 6-O-decanoyl(lauroyl)-D-mannose ethylendithioacetals is reported. The preparation of 5-O-octanoyl(decanoyl, lauroyl)-L-arabinose diethyldithioacetais is also reported. These compounds were obtained by monoesterification of aldosedithioacetals with the corresponding fatty acid chlorides in pyridine.Se describe la preparación de etilenditioacetales de la 5-O-lauroil(miristoil, palmitoil)- D-arabinosa, de la 6-O-lauroil-D-glucosa(D-galactosa) y de la 6-O-decanoil(lauroil)-D-manosa; y la preparación de dietilditioacetales de la 5-O-octanoil(decanoil, lauroil)-L-arabinosa. La síntesis de estos compuestos se ha realizado por monoesterificación de los ditioacetales de azúcares con los correspondientes cloruros de ácidos grasos en piridina

Evolución de componentes de aceituna (variedad Hojiblanca) durante la maduración

The evolution during ripening of the principal components from olive, Hojiblanca var., was studied. The similarities and differences with other varieties were established.Se estudia la evolución de los componentes fundamentales de aceitunas de la variedad Hojiblanca, durante su maduración, en dos campañas sucesivas. Se establecen semejanzas y diferencias con otras variedades

Information Retrieval and Machine Learning Methods for Academic Expert Finding

In the context of academic expert finding, this paper investigates and compares the performance of information retrieval (IR) and machine learning (ML) methods, including deep learning, to approach the problem of identifying academic figures who are experts in different domains when a potential user requests their expertise. IR-based methods construct multifaceted textual profiles for each expert by clustering information from their scientific publications. Several methods fully tailored for this problem are presented in this paper. In contrast, ML-based methods treat expert finding as a classification task, training automatic text classifiers using publications authored by experts. By comparing these approaches, we contribute to a deeper understanding of academic-expert-finding techniques and their applicability in knowledge discovery. These methods are tested with two large datasets from the biomedical field: PMSC-UGR and CORD-19. The results show how IR techniques were, in general, more robust with both datasets and more suitable than the ML-based ones, with some exceptions showing good performance.Spanish “Agencia Estatal de Investigación” under grants PID2019-106758GB-C31 and PID2020-113230RB-C22Spanish “FEDER/Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades” under grant A-TIC-146-UGR20European Regional Development Fund (ERDF-FEDER

Preparación y caracterización de fracciones de fibra en aceitunas (Variedad Hojiblanca)

Acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), insoluble fibre (IF) and soluble fibre (SF) were isolated from the flesh of Hojiblanca variety fresh green olives. Composition and recovery of polysaccharides, expressed as neutral sugars content, were studied for each one of these fractions.Se aísla fibra detergente ácido (ADF), detergente neutro (NDF), insoluble (FI) y soluble (FS), de pulpa de aceitunas verdes (variedad Hojiblanca) y se estudia la composición de cada una de estas fracciones, así como la recuperación de polisacáridos de las mismas (contenido en azúcares neutros)

Central America urgently needs to reduce the growing adaptation gap to climate change

Central America is highly impacted by current extreme events associated with climate variability and the adverse effects of climate change, showing high vulnerability compounded by its historical context and socioeconomic structure. In light of the important findings published by the WGII of the IPCC AR6 in 2022 on the adverse effects of climate change on the Central American region, there is still a clear need to improve data availability and to increase the number of studies on projections of changes in the climate, risks, impacts, vulnerability, and adaptation from the region to inform decision-makers and practitioners. The region has seen an increase in the number of adaptation projects implemented; however, there is limited information about their success or failure, and there are few case studies and reviews of lessons learned, highlighting an important gap in the implementation of effective adaptation measures. This article presents a current review of the literature on climatology, hydrology, impacts and vulnerability, mitigation and adaptation responses, action plans, and potential losses and damages in the region. It also proposes actionable recommendations based on the main gaps found and presents a case study of the Central American Dry Corridor, one of the climate change and underdevelopment hotspots of the region. We finish with a discussion highlighting the importance of considering system transitions perspectives and the need to plan and implement more transformational adaptation approaches to reduce further losses and damages and to further address adaptation gaps in Central America

Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Sulfa-Michael Adducts and Thiochromenes Derived from Carbohydrates

The Michael addition reactions of carbohydrate-derived nitroalkenes with ethyl thioglycolate and 2-mercaptobenzyl alcohol were studied. Reactions were conducted under mild, solvent-free conditions with DABCO as a catalyst, affording the corresponding adducts in good yields. Furthermore, compounds resulting from the addition with 2-mercaptobenzyl alcohol were used as starting materials for the synthesis of chiral 3-nitro-2H-thiochromenes. For some of the compounds synthesized herein, the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities against a panel of human solid tumor cell lines were assayed and compared with those of carbohydrate-nitroalkene substrates.Junta de Extremadura GR15022Unión Europea FP7-REGPOT-2012-CT2012-31637-IMBRAI

N-1,2,3-triazole-isatin derivatives for cholinesterase and β-amyloid aggregation inhibition: A comprehensive bioassay study

Our goal was the evaluation of a series of N-1,2,3-triazole-isatin derivatives for multi-target activity which included cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition and β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide anti-aggregation. The compounds have shown considerable promise as butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitors. Although the inhibition of eel acet- ylcholinesterase (eeAChE) was weak, the inhibitions against equine BuChE (eqBuChE) and human BuChE (hBuChE) were more significant with a best inhibition against eqBuChE of 0.46 μM. In some cases, these mo- lecules gave better inhibitions for hBuChE than eqBuChE. For greater insights into their mode of action, mole- cular docking studies were carried out, followed by STD-NMR validation. In addition, some of these compounds showed weak Aβ anti-aggregation activity. Hepatotoxicity studies showed that they were non-hepatoxic and neurotoxicity studies using neurite out- growth experiments led to the conclusion that these compounds are only weakly neurotoxic