16,484 research outputs found
The role of rotation on Petersen Diagrams. The period ratios
The present work explores the theoretical effects of rotation in calculating
the period ratios of double-mode radial pulsating stars with special emphasis
on high-amplitude delta Scuti stars (HADS). Diagrams showing these period
ratios vs. periods of the fundamental radial mode have been employed as a good
tracer of non-solar metallicities and are known as Petersen diagrams (PD).In
this paper we consider the effect of moderate rotation on both evolutionary
models and oscillation frequencies and we show that such effects cannot be
completely neglected as it has been done until now. In particular it is found
that even for low-to-moderate rotational velocities (15-50 km/s), differences
in period ratios of some hundredths can be found. The main consequence is
therefore the confusion scenario generated when trying to fit the metallicity
of a given star using this diagram without a previous knowledge of its
rotational velocity.Comment: A&A in pres
Stripe formation in horizontally oscillating granular suspensions
We present the results of an experimental study of pattern formation in
horizontally oscillating granular suspensions. Starting from a homogeneous
state, the suspension turns into a striped pattern within a specific range of
frequencies and amplitudes of oscillation. We observe an initial development of
layered structures perpendicular to the vibration direction and a gradual
coarsening of the stripes. However, both processes gradually slow down and
eventually saturate. The probability distribution of the stripe width
approaches a nonmonotonic steady-state form which can be approximated by a
Poisson distribution. We observe similar structures in MD simulations of soft
spherical particles coupled to the motion of the surrounding fluid.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures, to appear in Europhys. Lett. (2014
Magnetic Structure of Hydrogen Induced Defects on Graphene
Using density functional theory (DFT), Hartree-Fock, exact diagonalization,
and numerical renormalization group methods we study the electronic structure
of diluted hydrogen atoms chemisorbed on graphene. A comparison between DFT and
Hartree-Fock calculations allows us to identify the main characteristics of the
magnetic structure of the defect. We use this information to formulate an
Anderson-Hubbard model that captures the main physical ingredients of the
system, while still allowing a rigorous treatment of the electronic
correlations. We find that the large hydrogen-carbon hybridization puts the
structure of the defect half-way between the one corresponding to an adatom
weakly coupled to pristine graphene and a carbon vacancy. The impurity's
magnetic moment leaks into the graphene layer where the electronic correlations
on the C atoms play an important role in stabilizing the magnetic solution.
Finally, we discuss the implications for the Kondo effect.Comment: 10 pages, 10 fig
Hydrodynamic attraction of swimming microorganisms by surfaces
Cells swimming in confined environments are attracted by surfaces. We measure
the steady-state distribution of smooth-swimming bacteria (Escherichia coli)
between two glass plates. In agreement with earlier studies, we find a strong
increase of the cell concentration at the boundaries. We demonstrate
theoretically that hydrodynamic interactions of the swimming cells with solid
surfaces lead to their re-orientation in the direction parallel to the
surfaces, as well as their attraction by the closest wall. A model is derived
for the steady-state distribution of swimming cells, which compares favorably
with our measurements. We exploit our data to estimate the flagellar propulsive
force in swimming E. coli
Quantum correlations versus Multisimultaneity: an experimental test
Multisimultaneity is a causal model of relativistic quantum physics which
assigns a real time ordering to any set of events, much in the spirit of the
pilot-wave picture. Contrary to standard quantum mechanics, it predicts a
disappearance of the correlations in a Bell-type experiment when both analysers
are in relative motion such that, each one in its own inertial reference frame,
is first to select the output of the photons. We tested this prediction using
acousto-optic modulators as moving beam-splitters and interferometers separated
by 55 m. We didn't observe any disappearance of the correlations, thus refuting
Multisimultaneity.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, RevTex 4 versio
Identifying Clusters of Complex Urban–Rural Issues as Part of Policy Making Process Using a Network Analysis Approach: A Case Study in Bahía de Los Ángeles, Mexico
Improving human settlements diagnosis is a key factor in effective urban planning and the design of efficient policy making. In this paper, we illustrate how network theory concepts can be applied to reveal the topological structure of functional relationships in a network of heterogeneous urban–rural issues. This mapping is done using clustering algorithms and centrality value techniques. By analyzing emergent groups of urban–rural related issues, our methodology was applied to a rural community, considering in this exercise environmental matters and real estate interests as a way to better understand the structure of salient issues in the context of its urban development program design. Results show clusters that arrange themselves not by an obvious similarity in their constituent components, but by relations observed in urban–rural settings that hint on the issues that the urban development program must focus. Due to its complex nature, the classification of these emerging clusters and how they must be treated in traditional planning instruments is a new challenge that this novel methodology reveals
Radiative Impacts of Cloud Heterogeneity and Overlap in an Atmospheric General Circulation Model
The radiative impacts of introducing horizontal heterogeneity of layer cloud condensate, and vertical overlap of condensate and cloud fraction are examined with the aid of a new radiation package operating in the GEOS-5 Atmospheric General Circulation Model. The impacts are examined in terms of diagnostic top-of-the-atmosphere shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) cloud radiative effect (CRE) calculations for a range of assumptions and parameter specifications about the overlap. The investigation is conducted for two distinct cloud schemes, the one that comes with the standard GEOS-5 distribution, and another which has been recently used experimentally for its enhanced GEOS-5 distribution, and another which has been recently used experimentally for its enhanced cloud microphysical capabilities; both are coupled to a cloud generator allowing arbitrary cloud overlap specification. We find that cloud overlap radiative impacts are significantly stronger for the operational cloud scheme for which a change of cloud fraction overlap from maximum-random to generalized results to global changes of SW and LW CRE of approximately 4 Watts per square meter, and zonal changes of up to approximately 10 Watts per square meter. This is because of fewer occurrences compared to the other scheme of large layer cloud fractions and of multi-layer situations with large numbers of atmospheric being simultaneously cloudy, conditions that make overlap details more important. The impact on CRE of the details of condensate distribution overlap is much weaker. Once generalized overlap is adopted, both cloud schemes are only modestly sensitive to the exact values of the overlap parameters. We also find that if one of the CRE components is overestimated and the other underestimated, both cannot be driven towards observed values by adjustments to cloud condensate heterogeneity and overlap alone
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