171 research outputs found
Propagation of light through small clouds of cold interacting atoms
We demonstrate experimentally that a cloud of cold atoms with a size
comparable to the wavelength of light can induce large group delays on a laser
pulse when the laser is tightly focused on it and is close to an atomic
resonance. Delays as large as -10 ns are observed, corresponding to
"superluminal" propagation with negative group velocities as low as -300 m/s.
Strikingly, this large delay is associated with a moderate extinction owing to
the very small size of the cloud and to the light-induced interactions between
atoms. It implies that a large phase shift is imprinted on the continuous laser
beam, and opens interesting perspectives for applications to quantum
technologies.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures Supplemental Material : 2 pages, 2 Figure
Homogenization of an ensemble of interacting resonant scatterers
We study theoretically the concept of homogenization in optics using an
ensemble of randomly distributed resonant stationary atoms with density .
The ensemble is dense enough for the usual condition for homogenization, viz.
, to be reached. Introducing the coherent and incoherent
scattered powers, we define two criteria to define the homogenization regime.
We find that when the excitation field is tuned in a broad frequency range
around the resonance, none of the criteria for homogenization is fulfilled,
meaning that the condition is not sufficient to
characterize the homogenized regime around the atomic resonance. We interpret
these results as a consequence of the light-induced dipole-dipole interactions
between the atoms, which implies a description of scattering in terms of
collective modes rather than as a sequence of individual scattering events.
Finally, we show that, although homogenization can never be reached for a dense
ensemble of randomly positioned laser-cooled atoms around resonance, it becomes
possible if one introduces spatial correlations in the positions of the atoms
or non-radiative losses, such as would be the case for organic molecules or
quantum dots coupled to a phonon bath.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures. Corrected mistakes in reference
Evaporative cooling of a small number of atoms in a single-beam microscopic dipole trap
We demonstrate experimentally the evaporative cooling of a few hundred
rubidium 87 atoms in a single-beam microscopic dipole trap. Starting from 800
atoms at a temperature of 125microKelvins, we produce an unpolarized sample of
40 atoms at 110nK, within 3s. The phase-space density at the end of the
evaporation reaches unity, close to quantum degeneracy. The gain in phase-space
density after evaporation is 10^3. We find that the scaling laws used for much
larger numbers of atoms are still valid despite the small number of atoms
involved in the evaporative cooling process. We also compare our results to a
simple kinetic model describing the evaporation process and find good agreement
with the data.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Analysis of the entanglement between two individual atoms using global Raman rotations
Making use of the Rydberg blockade, we generate entanglement between two
atoms individually trapped in two optical tweezers. In this paper we detail the
analysis of the data and show that we can determine the amount of entanglement
between the atoms in the presence of atom losses during the entangling
sequence. Our model takes into account states outside the qubit basis and
allows us to perform a partial reconstruction of the density matrix describing
the two atom state. With this method we extract the amount of entanglement
between pairs of atoms still trapped after the entangling sequence and measure
the fidelity with respect to the expected Bell state. We find a fidelity
for the 62% of atom pairs remaining in the traps at
the end of the entangling sequence
Observation of suppression of light scattering induced by dipole-dipole interactions in a cold atomic ensemble
We study the emergence of collective scattering in the presence of
dipole-dipole interactions when we illuminate a cold cloud of rubidium atoms
with a near-resonant and weak intensity laser. The size of the atomic sample is
comparable to the wavelength of light. When we gradually increase the atom
number from 1 to 450, we observe a broadening of the line, a small red shift
and, consistently with these, a strong suppression of the scattered light with
respect to the noninteracting atom case. Numerical simulations, which include
the internal atomic level structure, agree with the data.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Entanglement of two individual neutral atoms using Rydberg blockade
We report the generation of entanglement between two individual Rb
atoms in hyperfine ground states and which are held in
two optical tweezers separated by 4 m. Our scheme relies on the Rydberg
blockade effect which prevents the simultaneous excitation of the two atoms to
a Rydberg state. The entangled state is generated in about 200 ns using pulsed
two-photon excitation. We quantify the entanglement by applying global Raman
rotations on both atoms. We measure that 61% of the initial pairs of atoms are
still present at the end of the entangling sequence. These pairs are in the
target entangled state with a fidelity of 0.75.Comment: text revised, with additional reference
Capillary-gravity wave resistance in ordinary and magnetic fluids
Wave resistance is the drag force associated to the emission of waves by a
moving disturbance at a fluid free surface. In the case of capillary-gravity
waves it undergoes a transition from zero to a finite value as the speed of the
disturbance is increased. For the first time an experiment is designed in order
to obtain the wave resistance as a function of speed. The effect of viscosity
is explored, and a magnetic fluid is used to extend the available range of
critical speeds. The threshold values are in good agreement with the proposed
theory. Contrary to the theoretical model, however, the measured wave
resistance reveals a non monotonic speed dependence after the threshold.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, submitted to Physical Review Letter
Capillary-Gravity Waves on Depth-Dependent Currents: Consequences for the Wave Resistance
We study theoretically the capillary-gravity waves created at the water-air
interface by a small two-dimensional perturbation when a depth-dependent
current is initially present in the fluid. Assuming linear wave theory, we
derive a general expression of the wave resistance experienced by the
perturbation as a function of the current profile in the case of an inviscid
fluid. We then analyze and discuss in details the behavior of the wave
resistance in the particular case of a linear current, a valid approximation
for some wind generated currents.Comment: Submitted to EP
Entanglement of two individual atoms using the Rydberg blockade
We report on our recent progress on the manipulation of single rubidium atoms
trapped in optical tweezers and the generation of entanglement between two
atoms, each individually trapped in neighboring tweezers. To create an
entangled state of two atoms in their ground states, we make use of the Rydberg
blockade mechanism. The degree of entanglement is measured using global
rotations of the internal states of both atoms. Such internal state rotations
on a single atom are demonstrated with a high fidelity.Comment: Proceeding of the 19th International Conference on Laser Spectroscopy
ICOLS 2009, 7-13 June 2009, Hokkaido, Japa
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