Home-based parent training for school-aged children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and behavior problems with remaining impairing disruptive behaviors after routine treatment:a randomized controlled trial

The objective is to investigate the effectiveness of home-based behavioral parent training for school-aged children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and behavior problems with remaining impairing disruptive behaviors after routinely offered treatments in clinical practice. In a randomized controlled study including 73 referred children with ADHD and impairing disruptive symptoms after routine clinical pharmacotherapy and/or clinic-based parent training had been tried or, at least, offered, home-based behavioral parent training (n = 26) was compared to a waiting list (n = 23) and a care-as-usual home-based treatment (n = 24). It was unknown to families which of the home-based treatments that they received. Using mixed models for repeated measures, we examined the effectiveness on the primary outcome measure of children's severity of disruptive behaviors and on a number of secondary outcome measures [the degree to which parents experienced the disruptive behaviors as troublesome, ADHD symptoms, oppositional-defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms, and internalizing problems]. Compared to the waiting list, children receiving home-based parent training improved significantly more regarding severity of disruptive behaviors (ES = 0.75), ADHD symptoms (ES = 0.89), ODD symptoms (ES = 0.65), and internalizing problems (ES = 0.60). Compared to care-as-usual, home-based parent training was more effective in reducing disruptive behaviors (ES = 0.57), ADHD symptoms (ES = 0.89), and ODD symptoms (ES = 0.88). Significantly more reduction of children's internalizing problems was not found. In conclusion, children with ADHD and residual behavioral problems after routine treatment may benefit from home-based behavioral parent training

Response time variability and response inhibition predict affective problems in adolescent girls, not in boys: the TRAILS study

The present study examines the relationship between neurocognitive functioning and affective problems through adolescence, in a cross-sectional and longitudinal perspective. Baseline response speed, response speed variability, response inhibition, attentional flexibility and working memory were assessed in a cohort of 2,179 adolescents (age 10–12 years) from the TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS). Affective problems were measured with the DSM-oriented Affective Problems scale of the Youth Self Report at wave 1 (baseline assessment), wave 2 (after 2.5 years) and wave 3 (after 5 years). Cross-sectionally, baseline response speed, response time variability, response inhibition and working memory were associated with baseline affective problems in girls, but not in boys. Longitudinally, enhanced response time variability predicted affective problems after 2.5 and 5 years in girls, but not in boys. Decreased response inhibition predicted affective problems after 5 years follow-up in girls, and again not in boys. The results are discussed in light of recent insights in gender differences in adolescence and state–trait issues in depression

Qual a importância do número de linfonodos pélvicos dissecados para o estadiamento locorregional do câncer de colo uterino?

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a importância do número de linfonodos pélvicos dissecados para o estadiamento locorregional de pacientes portadoras de câncer do colo uterino com estadiamento FIGO IA2 a IB2, submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico radical. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal incluindo pacientes submetidas à histerectomia radical tipo II de Piver e linfadenectomia pélvica, em dois centros pernambucanos, entre janeiro de 2001 e dezembro de 2008. Utilizou-se análise da área sob curva ROC como medida-resumo do desempenho do número de linfonodos dissecados para a predição do acometimento metastático linfonodal pélvico. Adicionalmente, também se avaliou a relação entre essas variáveis, usando a regressão logística e o teste exato de Fisher. RESULTADOS: A avaliação anatomopatológica incluiu 662 linfonodos dissecados (mediana=9, q25=6 - q75=13) de 69 pacientes. A avaliação da área sob curvas ROC revelou AUC=0,642 para a predição do estadiamento linfonodal pélvico pelo número de linfonodos dissecados. AUCs de 0,605 e 0,526 foram observadas quando se classificaram as pacientes, utilizando-se 10 e 15 linfonodos como pontos de corte, respectivamente. Por regressão logística, evidenciou-se odds-ratio de 0,912 (IC95%=0,805-1,032; p=0,125). A dissecção de ≥10 ou ≥15 linfonodos não se associou ao achado anatomopatológico de comprometimento metastático dos linfonodos pelo teste de Fisher (p=0,224 e p=0,699, respectivamente). CONCLUSÃO: O número de linfonodos dissecados não se correlacionou com comprometimento metastático linfonodal pélvico nessa casuística, o que sugere que a dissecção de um maior número de linfonodos não incremente o estadiamento locorregional do câncer de colo uterino