Probabilistic Risk Analysis and Margin Process for a Flexible Thermal Protection System

Atmospheric entry vehicle thermal protection systems are margined due to the uncertainties that exist in entry aeroheating environments and the thermal response of the materials and structures. Entry vehicle thermal protections systems are traditionally over-margined for the heat loads that are experienced along the entry trajectory by designing to survive stacked worst-case scenarios. Additionally, the conventional heat shield design and margin process offers very little insight into the risk of over-temperature during flight and the corresponding reliability of the heat shield performance. A probabilistic margin process can be used to appropriately margin the thermal protection system based on rigorously calculated risk of failure. This probabilistic margin process allows engineers to make informed aeroshell design, entry-trajectory design, and risk trades while preventing excessive margin from being applied. This study presents the methods of the probabilistic margin process and how the uncertainty analysis is used to determine the reliability of the entry vehicle thermal protection system and associated risks of failure

The Localism Act 2011 and the general power of competence

*P.L. 392 The Localism Act 2011 (LA 2011) makes fundamental changes to the powers and arrangements of local authorities.1 Amongst these is the introduction of a general power of competence replacing the well-being power, in the Local Government Act 2000 (LGA 2000). This analysis explores the nature of this new power and the extent to which it serves local authorities more effectively than its predecessor. Whilst we focus chiefly on the wording of the relevant provisions and the manner in which they have been interpreted, this analysis acknowledges that wider issues, not for discussion here, have and can impact on the use of these powers.2 The LGA 2000 provided, at s.2(1), that every local authority3 had the power to do anything which it considered likely to achieve the promotion or improvement of the economic, social and environmental well-being of the local area.4 The provision was welcomed as providing "councils with an important opportunity to develop a meaningful and substantive community leadership role".5 It is, at first glance, a broad power allowing scope for local authorities to act as they choose, so long as it is for the benefit of their local area. Indeed, following the occasion*P.L. 393 of the power’s first outing in the courts, Arden noted that "the scope of the provision is … wide",6 a view that was echoed by others.7 In R. (on the application of J (Ghanaian Citizen))v Enfield LBC,8 for example, Elias J. held that s.2 was "capable of extending to the grant of financial assistance for acquiring accommodation"

Can we use medical examiners' records for suicide surveillance and prevention research in Nova Scotia?

Introduction: Medical examiners' records can contribute to our understanding of the extent of suicide in a population, as well as associated sociodemographic and other factors

A losing battle? Women's sport pre- and post-COVID-19

Research question: In 2019, women's sport was reported as being on the rise. Increased participation rates, media coverage, investment and support were evident. Following the spread of COVID-19 across the globe, which halted most forms of competitive sport, there were repeated concerns about the future of women’s sport. This research aims to document elite sportswomen’s perceptions of the state of women's sport pre-COVID-19 and the possible impact moving forwards. Research methods: Ninety five responses from an online, anonymous, qualitative questionnaire completed by elite sportswomen mainly based, in the UK, on the impact of COVID-19 on women's sport were collected. Data were subject to a thematic analysis, to determine key concerns, and the frequency data of responses were quantitatively recorded. Results and findings: Most sportswomen felt that women’s sport was on an upward trajectory, but many juxtaposed that against inequality compared to men's sport in terms of media coverage and finance. There were concerns that the subordinate position women's sport, with less resources and support, will have severe implications post-COVID-19. However, there were considerations that a pause in sport would allow for personal development, increased participation upon sports return and space for a reconfiguration of sport. Implications: Those involved in sport are encouraged to think more critically about progress narratives in women's sport. We caution that these hide perpetual, structural and symbolic inequalities and propose that they are positioned more coherently within wider gender equity agenda. This is a process that will require widespread cultural change

Bone area provides a responsive outcome measure for bone changes in short-term knee osteoarthritis studies

Objective: This post-hoc study analyzed 3D bone area from an osteoarthritis (OA) cohort demonstrating no change in cartilage thickness. Methods: 27 women with painful medial knee OA had MRI at 0, 3 and 6 months. Images were analysed using active appearance models. Results: At 3 and 6 months the mean change in medial femoral bone area was 0.34% [95% CI 0.04, 0.64] and 0.61% [CI 0.32, 0.90]. 40% of subjects had progression > SDD at 6 months. Conclusion: In this small cohort at high risk of OA progression, bone area changed at 3 and 6 months when cartilage morphometric measures did not

Baryogenesis from baryon number violating scalar interactions

In the following work we consider the possibility of explaining the observed baryon number asymmetry in the universe from simple baryon number violating modifications, involving massive scalar bosons, to the Standard Model. In these cases baryon number violation is mediated through a combination of Yukawa and scalar self-coupling interactions. Starting with a previously compiled catalogue of baryon-number violating extensions of the Standard Model, we identify the minimal subsets which can induce a $B-L$ asymmetry and thus be immune to sphaleron washout. For each of these models, we identify the region of parameter space that leads to the production of a baryon number asymmetry of the correct order of magnitude.Comment: 14 pages, 3 Postscript figure