Essay

A year ago I hated computers and I was convinced they hated me. I really had no reason to like them, anyway. We didn\u27t have one at home (and still don\u27t). l wasn\u27t into video games, and if I ever needed a paper typed, my mom offered the lowest price per page around

УЗАГАЛЬНЕНА ДЕФІНІЦІЯ ТА ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНІ ОЗНАКИ АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ ФОЛЬКЛОРНОЇ ЗАГАДКИ (Generalized definition and functional features of the English folklore riddle)

У статті шляхом аналізу існуючих у науковій літературі поглядів автором уточнено узагальнену дефініцію загадки, на основі якої обґрунтовано ієрархічно супідрядну систему її функціональних характеристик, покликану виконувати роль теоретичного підґрунтя для здійснення адекватного наукового опису особливостей взаємодії просодичних засобів її реалізації. In the article the author specifies the definition of a riddle by means of analyzing views known in scientific literature. This definition serves as a basis for the substantiation of a hierarchically subordinate system of the riddle functional characteristics. The system is intended to function as a theoretical foundation for accomplishing an adequate scientific description of prosodic means’ interaction in the riddle actualization

From Reason-vs.-Madness to Science-vs.-the Non-scientific (and Beyond)

Introduction to section

On the correct interpretation of p values and the importance of random variables

The p value is the probability under the null hypothesis of obtaining an experimental result that is at least as extreme as the one that we have actually obtained. That probability plays a crucial role in frequentist statistical inferences. But if we take the word ‘extreme’ to mean ‘improbable’, then we can show that this type of inference can be very problematic. In this paper, I argue that it is a mistake to make such an interpretation. Under minimal assumptions about the alternative hypothesis, I explain why ‘extreme’ means ‘outside the most precise predicted range of experimental outcomes for a given upper bound probability of error’. Doing so, I rebut recent formulations of recurrent criticisms against the frequentist approach in statistics and underscore the importance of random variables