R-modes of neutron stars with a solid crust

We investigate the properties of $r$-mode oscillations of a slowly rotating neutron star with a solid crust, by taking account of the effects of the Coriolis force. For the modal analysis we employ three-component neutron star models that are composed of a fluid core, a solid crust and a surface fluid ocean. For the three-component models, we find that there exist two kinds of $r$-modes, that is, those confined in the surface fluid ocean and those confined in the fluid core, which are most important for the $r$-mode instability. The $r$-modes do not have any appreciable amplitudes in the solid crust if rotation rate of the star is sufficiently small. We find that the core $r$-modes are strongly affected by mode coupling with the crustal torsional (toroidal) modes and lose their simple properties of the eigenfunction and eigenfrequency as functions of the angular rotation velocity $\Omega$. This indicates that the extrapolation formula, which is obtained in the limit of $\Omega\to 0$, cannot be used to examine the $r$-mode instability of rapidly rotating neutron stars with a solid crust unless the effects of mode coupling with the crustal torsional modes are correctly taken into account.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, revised version accepted for publication in the Ap

Observation of Scarred Modes in Asymmetrically Deformed Microcylinder Lasers

We report observation of lasing in the scarred modes in an asymmetrically deformed microcavity made of liquid jet. The observed scarred modes correspond to morphology-dependent resonance of radial mode order 3 with their Q values in the range of 10^6. Emission directionality is also observed, corresponding to a hexagonal unstable periodic orbit.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figure

Collins Asymmetry at Hadron Colliders

We study the Collins effect in the azimuthal asymmetric distribution of hadrons inside a high energy jet in the single transverse polarized proton proton scattering. From the detailed analysis of one-gluon and two-gluon exchange diagrams contributions, the Collins function is found the same as that in the semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering and e^+e^- annihilations. The eikonal propagators in these diagrams do not contribute to the phase needed for the Collins-type single spin asymmetry, and the universality is derived as a result of the Ward identity. We argue that this conclusion depends on the momentum flow of the exchanged gluon and the kinematic constraints in the fragmentation process, and is generic and model-independent.Comment: 23 pages, 6 figure

A Fully Tunable Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Diode

We demonstrate a fully tunable diode structure utilizing a fully suspended single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT). The diode's turn-on voltage under forward bias can be continuously tuned up to 4.3 V by controlling gate voltages, which is ~6 times the nanotube bandgap energy. Furthermore, the same device design can be configured into a backward diode by tuning the band-to-band tunneling current with gate voltages. A nanotube backward diode is demonstrated for the first time with nonlinearity exceeding the ideal diode. These results suggest that a tunable nanotube diode can be a unique building block for developing next generation programmable nanoelectronic logic and integrated circuits.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure