Charge renormalization and other exact coupling corrections in the dipolar effective interaction in an electrolyte near a dielectric wall

The aim of the paper is to study the renormalizations of the charge and of the screening length that appear in the large-distance behavior of the effective pairwise interaction between two charges in a dilute electrolyte solution, both along a dielectric wall and in the bulk. The electrolyte is described by the primitive model in the framework of classical statistical mechanics and the electrostatic response of the wall is characterized by its dielectric constant.Comment: 60 pages 9 figure

Casimir force between two ideal-conductor walls revisited

The high-temperature aspects of the Casimir force between two neutral conducting walls are studied. The mathematical model of "inert" ideal-conductor walls, considered in the original formulations of the Casimir effect, is based on the universal properties of the electromagnetic radiation in the vacuum between the conductors, with zero boundary conditions for the tangential components of the electric field on the walls. This formulation seems to be in agreement with experiments on metallic conductors at room temperature. At high temperatures or large distances, at least, fluctuations of the electric field are present in the bulk and at the surface of a particle system forming the walls, even in the high-density limit: "living" ideal conductors. This makes the enforcement of the inert boundary conditions inadequate. Within a hierarchy of length scales, the high-temperature Casimir force is shown to be entirely determined by the thermal fluctuations in the conducting walls, modelled microscopically by classical Coulomb fluids in the Debye-H\"{u}ckel regime. The semi-classical regime, in the framework of quantum electrodynamics, is studied in the companion letter by P.R.Buenzli and Ph.A.Martin, cond-mat/0506363, Europhys.Lett.72, 42 (2005).Comment: 7 pages.One reference updated. Domain of validity of eq.(11) correcte

Nyquist method for Wigner-Poisson quantum plasmas

By means of the Nyquist method, we investigate the linear stability of electrostatic waves in homogeneous equilibria of quantum plasmas described by the Wigner-Poisson system. We show that, unlike the classical Vlasov-Poisson system, the Wigner-Poisson case does not necessarily possess a Penrose functional determining its linear stability properties. The Nyquist method is then applied to a two-stream distribution, for which we obtain an exact, necessary and sufficient condition for linear stability, as well as to a bump-in-tail equilibrium.Comment: 6 figure

Correlations in a confined magnetized free-electron gas

Equilibrium quantum statistical methods are used to study the pair correlation function for a magnetized free-electron gas in the presence of a hard wall that is parallel to the field. With the help of a path-integral technique and a Green function representation the modifications in the correlation function caused by the wall are determined both for a non-degenerate and for a completely degenerate gas. In the latter case the asymptotic behaviour of the correlation function for large position differences in the direction parallel to the wall and perpendicular to the field, is found to change from Gaussian in the bulk to algebraic near the wall.Comment: 24 pages, 10 figures, submitted to J. Phys. A: Math. Ge

Equation of state of a strongly magnetized hydrogen plasma

The influence of a constant uniform magnetic field on the thermodynamic properties of a partially ionized hydrogen plasma is studied. Using the method of Green' s function various interaction contributions to the thermodynamic functions are calculated. The equation of state of a quantum magnetized plasma is presented within the framework of a low density expansion up to the order e^4 n^2 and, additionally, including ladder type contributions via the bound states in the case of strong magnetic fields (2.35*10^{5} T << B << 2.35*10^{9} T). We show that for high densities (n=10^{27-30} m^{-3}) and temperatures T=10^5 - 10^6 K typical for the surface of neutron stars nonideality effects as, e.g., Debye screening must be taken into account.Comment: 12 pages, 2 Postscript figures. uses revtex, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Charge and Density Fluctuations Lock Horns : Ionic Criticality with Power-Law Forces

How do charge and density fluctuations compete in ionic fluids near gas-liquid criticality when quantum mechanical effects play a role ? To gain some insight, long-range $\Phi^{{\mathcal{L}}}_{\pm \pm} / r^{d+\sigma}$ interactions (with $\sigma>0$), that encompass van der Waals forces (when $\sigma = d = 3$), have been incorporated in exactly soluble, $d$-dimensional 1:1 ionic spherical models with charges $\pm q_0$ and hard-core repulsions. In accord with previous work, when $d>\min \{\sigma, 2\}$ (and $q_0$ is not too large), the Coulomb interactions do not alter the ($q_0 = 0$) critical universality class that is characterized by density correlations at criticality decaying as $1/r^{d-2+\eta}$ with $\eta = \max \{0, 2-\sigma\}$. But screening is now algebraic, the charge-charge correlations decaying, in general, only as $1/r^{d+\sigma+4}$; thus $\sigma = 3$ faithfully mimics known \textit{non}critical $d=3$ quantal effects. But in the \textit{absence} of full ($+, -$) ion symmetry, density and charge fluctuations mix via a transparent mechanism: then the screening \textit{at criticality} is \textit{weaker} by a factor $r^{4-2\eta}$. Furthermore, the otherwise valid Stillinger-Lovett sum rule fails \textit{at} criticality whenever $\eta =0$ (as, e.g., when $\sigma>2$) although it remains valid if $\eta >0$ (as for $\sigma<2$ or in real $d \leq 3$ Ising-type systems).Comment: 8 pages, in press in J. Phys. A, Letters to the Edito

Anomalous Effects of "Guest" Charges Immersed in Electrolyte: Exact 2D Results

We study physical situations when one or two "guest" arbitrarily-charged particles are immersed in the bulk of a classical electrolyte modelled by a Coulomb gas of positive/negative unit point-like charges, the whole system being in thermal equilibrium. The models are treated as two-dimensional with logarithmic pairwise interactions among charged constituents; the (dimensionless) inverse temperature $\beta$ is considered to be smaller than 2 in order to ensure the stability of the electrolyte against the collapse of positive-negative pairs of charges. Based on recent progress in the integrable (1+1)-dimensional sine-Gordon theory, exact formulas are derived for the chemical potential of one guest charge and for the asymptotic large-distance behavior of the effective interaction between two guest charges. The exact results imply, under certain circumstances, anomalous effects such as an effective attraction (repulsion) between like-charged (oppositely-charged) guest particles and the charge inversion in the electrolyte vicinity of a highly-charged guest particle. The adequacy of the concept of renormalized charge is confirmed in the whole stability region of inverse temperatures and the related saturation phenomenon is revised.Comment: 21 pages, 1 figur

Glioma stem cells invasive phenotype at optimal stiffness is driven by MGAT5 dependent mechanosensing.

BACKGROUND: Glioblastomas stem-like cells (GSCs) by invading the brain parenchyma, remains after resection and radiotherapy and the tumoral microenvironment become stiffer. GSC invasion is reported as stiffness sensitive and associated with altered N-glycosylation pattern. Glycocalyx thickness modulates integrins mechanosensing, but details remain elusive and glycosylation enzymes involved are unknown. Here, we studied the association between matrix stiffness modulation, GSC migration and MGAT5 induced N-glycosylation in fibrillar 3D context. METHOD: To mimic the extracellular matrix fibrillar microenvironments, we designed 3D-ex-polyacrylonitrile nanofibers scaffolds (NFS) with adjustable stiffnesses by loading multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). GSCs neurosphere were plated on NFSs, allowing GSCs migration and MGAT5 was deleted using CRISPR-Cas9. RESULTS: We found that migration of GSCs was maximum at 166 kPa. Migration rate was correlated with cell shape, expression and maturation of focal adhesion (FA), Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) proteins and (β1,6) branched N-glycan binding, galectin-3. Mutation of MGAT5 in GSC inhibited N-glycans (β1-6) branching, suppressed the stiffness dependence of migration on 166 kPa NFS as well as the associated FA and EMT protein expression. CONCLUSION: MGAT5 catalysing multibranched N-glycans is a critical regulators of stiffness induced invasion and GSCs mechanotransduction, underpinning MGAT5 as a serious target to treat cancer

Atom-wall dispersive forces: a microscopic approach

We present a study of atom-wall interactions in non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics by functional integral methods. The Feynman-Kac path integral representation is generalized to the case when the particle interacts with a radiation field, providing an additional effective potential that contains all the interactions induced by the field. We show how one can retrieve the standard van der Waals, Casimir-Polder and classical Lifshiftz forces in this formalism for an atom in its ground state. Moreover, when electrostatic interactions are screened in the medium, we find low temperature corrections that are not included in the Lifshitz theory of fluctuating forces and are opposite to them.Comment: 4 figure

A Systematic Review of Patients’ Values, Preferences, and Expectations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

Context: Understanding men's values and preferences in the context of personal, physical, emotional, relational, and social factors is important in optimising patient counselling, facilitating treatment decision-making, and improving guideline recommendations. Objective: To systematically review the available evidence regarding the values, preferences, and expectations of men towards the investigation and treatment (conservative, pharmacological, and surgical) of male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Evidence acquisition: We searched electronic databases until August 31, 2020 for quantitative and qualitative studies that reported values and preferences regarding the investigation and treatment of LUTS in men. We assessed the quality of evidence and risk of bias using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) and GRADE Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research (CERQual) approaches. Evidence synthesis: We included 25 quantitative studies, three qualitative studies, and one mixed-methods study recruiting 9235 patients. Most men reported urodynamic testing to be acceptable, despite discomfort or embarrassment, as it significantly informs treatment decisions (low certainty evidence). Men preferred conservative and less risky treatment options, but the preference varied depending on baseline symptom severity and the risk/benefit characteristics of the treatment (moderate certainty). Men preferred pharmacological treatments with a low risk of erectile dysfunction and those especially improving urgency incontinence (moderate certainty). Other important preference considerations included reducing the risk of acute urinary retention or surgery (moderate certainty). Conclusions: Men prefer lower-risk management options that have fewer sexual side effects and are primarily effective at improving urgency incontinence and nocturia. Overall, the evidence was rated to be of low to moderate certainty. This review can facilitate the treatment decision-making process and improve the trustworthiness of guideline recommendations. Patient summary: We thoroughly reviewed the evidence addressing men's values and preferences regarding the management of urinary symptoms and found that minimising adverse effects is particularly important. Further research to understand other factors that matter to men is required. (C) 2020 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe