Dual partitioning and attachment effects of rhamnolipid on pyrene biodegradation under bioavailability restrictions.

7 páginas.-- 4 figuras.-- 1 tablas.-- 32 referencias.-- Supplementary data related to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.07.013.We investigated the effects of different bioavailability scenarios on the rhamnolipid-enhanced biodegradation of pyrene by the representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degrader Mycobacterium gilvum VM552. This biosurfactant enhanced biodegradation when pyrene was provided in the form of solid crystals; no effect was observed when the same amount of the chemical was preloaded on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). An enhanced effect was observed when pyrene was sorbed into soil but not with the dissolved compound. Synchronous fluorescence spectrophotometry and liquid scintillation were used to determine the phase exchange of pyrene. We also investigated the phase distribution of bacteria. Our results suggest that the rhamnolipid can enhance the biodegradation of pyrene by micellar solubilization and increase diffusive uptake. These mechanisms increase substrate acquisition by bacterial cells at exposure concentrations well above the half-saturation constant for active uptake. The moderate solubilization of pyrene from PDMS by the rhamnolipid and the prevention of cell attachment may explain the lack of enhancement for pyrene-preloaded PDMS.Support for this research was provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (CGL2010-22068-C02-01 and CGL2013-44554-R), the Andalusian Government (RNM 2337) and the FPI Programme (E.C.)Peer reviewe

Effect of varying the rate of partitioning of phenanthrene in nonaqueous-phase liquids on biodegradation in soil slurries

A study was conducted to determine the influence of varying the rates of partitioning of phenanthrene from nonaqueous-phase liquids to water on its biodegradation. Partitioning rates from dibutyl phthalate and 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane were rapid in slurries of soil or aquifer solids that were shaken and were affected by the identity and volume of the non-aqueous-phase liquid. Concentrations of the surfactant Alfonic 810-60 that increased partitioning inhibited biodegradation. The rates of mass transfer from the phthalate to water were not influenced by the identity of the environmental sample. Although the rate of mass transfer of phenanthrene did not limit its mineralization by microorganisms in the soil or aquifer solids, treatments that increased the rate of partitioning enhanced biodegradation, presumably because the treatment overcame some other factor that limited degradation of the hydrocarbon.Peer Reviewe

Vivienda obrera minera en Cartagena-La Unión

The mining “boom” experienced during the XIX century in Cartagena caused a great demographic increase. Population that needs new housing moves to there in a desperate search of new incomes. New villages rose such as “El Estrecho de San Gines” and “El Beal”, and the building of new houses in old zones such as La Unión was increased drastically. Negligible houses were built with similar characteristics, always constructed with poor materials due to lower incomes. Even in the case of the poorest miners, dwelling in caves very close to the mine, homes knowing as “casas-cueva”. Meanwhile a rich highborn people, the owners of the mines, built new and luxury houses, influenced by the modernist architecture wave that rules in Europe. A deep investigation through every plane in the municipal archive of La Unión made locate old planes possible, these planes together with searches over the remainders that nowadays are able to find confirms the main features of the houses built during the objective epoch

Análisis de las estadísticas discriminantes en jugadores de baloncesto según su puesto específico, en las finales de las competiciones europeas (1988-2006). Diferencias entre jugadores titulares y suplentes

El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido identificar las diferencias que se observan en jugadores de baloncesto, en situación de juego, en función del puesto específico (bases, aleros y pivots), diferenciando entre jugadores titulares y suplentes. Los datos utilizados para el análisis fueron las variables estadísticas individuales de todas las finales de las tres competiciones europeas de clubes  celebradas entre las temporadas 1987-88 y 2005-06. El análisis de los resultados se realizó a través de un análisis discriminante, obteniendo una función discriminante y unos coeficientes canónicos (CCE). Los jugadores titulares se diferenciaron por posición en los rebotes ofensivos (CCE = –0,57), tapones (CCE = –0,52), lanzamientos de 3 puntos convertidos (CCE = 0,51) y fallados (CCE = 0,37). Estos resultados señalan a los bases titulares como los jugadores titulares más importantes dentro de la  estructura colectiva de un equipo. En el caso de los jugadores suplentes, las variables discriminantes encontradas fueron los tapones (CCE = 0,36), los rebotes defensivos (CCE = 0,31) y los lanzamientos de 2 puntos convertidos (CCE = 0,31). Dichos resultados permiten identificar a los pivots suplentes como los suplentes más importantes en la estructura colectiva del equipo. Los resultados presentados pueden ser utilizados como datos a tener en cuenta en el proceso de selección de jugadores en la formación de los equipos o bien en la dirección de los jugadores durante los entrenamientos y la competición

Anàlisi de les estadístiques discriminants en jugadors de bàsquet segons el seu lloc específic, a les finals de les competicions europees (1988-2006). Diferències entre jugadors titulars i suplents

L’objectiu del nostre estudi ha estat identificar les diferències que s’observen en jugadors de bàsquet, en situació de joc, en funció del lloc específic (bases, alers i pivots), tot diferenciant entre jugadors titulars i suplents. Les dades utilitzades per a l’anàlisi van ser les variables estadístiques individuals de totes les finals de les tres competicions europees de clubs celebrades entre les temporades 1987-88 i 2005-06. L’anàlisi dels resultats es va realitzar a través d’una anàlisi discriminant, que va obtenir una funció discriminant i uns coeficients canònics (CCE). Els jugadors titulars es van diferenciar per posició en els rebots ofensius (CCE = –0,57), taps (CCE = –0,52), llançaments de 3 punts convertits (CCE = 0,51) i fallats (CCE = 0,37). Aquests resultats assenyalen els bases titulars com els jugadors titulars més importants dins l’estructura col·lectiva d’un equip. En el cas dels jugadors suplents, les variables discriminants trobades van ser els taps (CCE = 0,36), els rebots defensius (CCE = 0,31) i els llançaments de 2 punts convertits (CCE = 0,31). Aquests resultats permeten identificar els pivots suplents com els suplents més importants en l’estructura col·lectiva de l’equip. Els resultats presentats poden ser utilitzats com a dades a tenir en compte en el procés de selecció de jugadors en la formació dels equips o bé en la direcció dels jugadors durant els entrenaments i la competició

From bioavailability science to regulation of organic chemicals

The bioavailability of organic chemicals in soil and sediment is an important area of scientific investigation for environmental scientists, although this area of study remains only partially recognized by regulators and industries working in the environmental sector. Regulators have recently started to consider bioavailability within retrospective risk assessment frameworks for organic chemicals; by doing so, realistic decision-making with regard to polluted environments can be achieved, rather than relying on the traditional approach of using total-extractable concentrations. However, implementation remains difficult because scientific developments on bioavailability are not always translated into ready-to-use approaches for regulators. Similarly, bioavailability remains largely unexplored within prospective regulatory frameworks that address the approval and regulation of organic chemicals. This article discusses bioavailability concepts and methods, as well as possible pathways for the implementation of bioavailability into risk assessment and regulation; in addition, this article offers a simple, pragmatic and justifiable approach for use within retrospective and prospective risk assessmen

PREVALENCE OF UNKNOWN DIABETES AND IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE IN PATIENTS WITH IMPAIRED FASTING GLUCOSE

There are many community-based studies on the prevalence of diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG). However, studies on the prevalence of IGT and diabetes unknown in patients with IFG, by 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), are few and small.CIBEROBN is an Instituto de Salud Carlos III initiative. This work has been co-financied by CIBEROBN, Research Grants of the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain (Instituto de Salud Carlos III: PI10/00913), and Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía of Spain (PI-0037/2008 and PI-0112-2013).Peer Reviewe

Application of molecular topology to the prediction of the phenoloxidase inhibition by a group of benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone and their derivatives

A topological-mathematical model has been arranged to search for new derivatives of benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone and related compounds acting as phenoloxidase inhibitors. By using multilinear regression analysis a function with two descriptors, 1χv, 4χpv and r2 = 0,940 was capable to predict adequately the IC50 for each compound.After carrying out a virtual screening based upon such a model, new structures potentially active against the enzyme are proposed