Technische Zusammenfassung

Die Technische Zusammenfassung des APCC-Sonderberichts ″Landnutzung und Klimawandel in Österreich″ umfasst die Kernbotschaften der Kapitel 1–9. In ihr sind die Hauptaussagen zu den sozioökonomischen und klimatischen Treibern der Landnutzungsänderungen, zu den Auswirkungen von Landnutzung und -bewirtschaftung auf den Klimawandel, zu Minderungs- und Anpassungsoptionen im Kontext nachhaltiger Entwicklungsziele sowie zu Synergien, Zielkonflikten und Umsetzungsbarrieren von Klimamaßnahmen enthalten

‘Measuring’ Physical Literacy and Related Constructs: A Systematic Review of Empirical Findings

BACKGROUND:The concept of physical literacy has received increased research and international attention recently. Where intervention programs and empirical research are gaining momentum, their operationalizations differ significantly.OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to inform practice in the measure/assessment of physical literacy via a systematic review of research that has assessed physical literacy (up to 14 June, 2017).METHODS:Five databases were searched using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Protocols guidelines, with 32 published articles meeting the inclusion criteria. English-language, peer-reviewed published papers containing empirical studies of physical literacy were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.RESULTS:Qualitative methods included: (1) interviews; (2) open-ended questionnaires; (3) reflective diaries; (4) focus groups; (5) participant observations; and (6) visual methods. Quantitative methods included: (1) monitoring devices (e.g., accelerometers); (2) observations (e.g., of physical activity or motor proficiency); (3) psychometrics (e.g., enjoyment, self-perceptions); (4) performance measures (e.g., exergaming, objective times/distances); (5) anthropometric measurements; and (6) one compound measure. Of the measures that made an explicit distinction: 22 (61%) examined the physical domain, eight (22%) the affective domain; five (14%) the cognitive domain; and one (3%) combined three domains (physical, affective, and cognitive) of physical literacy. Researchers tended to declare their philosophical standpoint significantly more in qualitative research compared with quantitative research.CONCLUSIONS:Current research adopts diverse often incompatible methodologies in measuring/assessing physical literacy. Our analysis revealed that by adopting simplistic and linear methods, physical literacy cannot be measured/assessed in a traditional/conventional sense. Therefore, we recommend that researchers are more creative in developing integrated philosophically aligned approaches to measuring/assessing physical literacy. Future research should consider the most recent developments in the field of physical literacy for policy formation

Assessments Related to the Physical, Affective and Cognitive Domains of Physical Literacy Amongst Children Aged 7–11.9 Years: A Systematic Review

Background Over the past decade, there has been increased interest amongst researchers, practitioners and policymakers in physical literacy for children and young people and the assessment of the concept within physical education (PE). This systematic review aimed to identify tools to assess physical literacy and its physical, cognitive and affective domains within children aged 7–11.9 years, and to examine the measurement properties, feasibility and elements of physical literacy assessed within each tool. Methods Six databases (EBSCO host platform, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Education Research Complete, SPORTDiscus) were searched up to 10th September 2020. Studies were included if they sampled children aged between 7 and 11.9 years, employed field-based assessments of physical literacy and/or related affective, physical or cognitive domains, reported measurement properties (quantitative) or theoretical development (qualitative), and were published in English in peer-reviewed journals. The methodological quality and measurement properties of studies and assessment tools were appraised using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments risk of bias checklist. The feasibility of each assessment was considered using a utility matrix and elements of physical literacy element were recorded using a descriptive checklist. Results The search strategy resulted in a total of 11467 initial results. After full text screening, 11 studies (3 assessments) related to explicit physical literacy assessments. Forty-four studies (32 assessments) were relevant to the affective domain, 31 studies (15 assessments) were relevant to the physical domain and 2 studies (2 assessments) were included within the cognitive domain. Methodological quality and reporting of measurement properties within the included studies were mixed. The Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy-2 and the Passport For Life had evidence of acceptable measurement properties from studies of very good methodological quality and assessed a wide range of physical literacy elements. Feasibility results indicated that many tools would be suitable for a primary PE setting, though some require a level of expertise to administer and score that would require training. Conclusions This review has identified a number of existing assessments that could be useful in a physical literacy assessment approach within PE and provides further information to empower researchers and practitioners to make informed decisions when selecting the most appropriate assessment for their needs, purpose and context. The review indicates that researchers and tool developers should aim to improve the methodological quality and reporting of measurement properties of assessments to better inform the field. Trial registration PROSPERO: CRD4201706221

Developing predictive models of wind damage in Austrian forests

International audienceAbstract• ContextAmong natural disturbances, wind storms cause the greatest damage to forests in Austria.• AimThe aim of this study is to quantify the effects of site, stand and meteorological attributes on the wind disturbance regime at the operational scale of forest stands.• MethodsWe used binomial generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) to quantify the probability of damage events and linear mixed models (LMMs) to explain the damage intensity at the forest stand level in four management units with a total forest area of approximately 28,800 ha.• ResultsTimber stock volume, stand age, elevation, previous disturbances, wind gust speed and frozen state of soil contributed in explaining probability of wind damage. While the model of disturbance probability correctly classified 90 % of all cases in the data set (specificity 95 %, sensitivity 26 %), the model for damage intensity explained only low percentages of the variation in the observed damage data (full model R2 = 0.38, fixed effects-only model R2 = 0.09; cross-validation in the four forest management units yielded similar R2 values).• ConclusionThe developed models indicated that decreasing the proportion of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst), limiting stand age and reducing the timber stock in course of tending treatments in stands exposed to wind disturbance can mitigate the risk and the expected damage intensity. High gust speeds and salvage cuts after earlier damage increase the probability of further wind disturbance events

Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic predictor after curative-intent surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma: experience from a developing country

Danijel Galun,1,2 Aleksandar Bogdanovic,1 Jelena Djokic Kovac,2,3 Predrag Bulajic,1 Zlatibor Loncar,2,4 Marinko Zuvela1,2 1HPB Unit, Clinic for Digestive Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; 2Medical School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; 3Center for Radiology and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; 4Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate a prognostic value of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on long-term survival of cirrhotic and noncirrhotic hepatocellular cancer (HCC) patients managed by a curative-intent liver surgery in a developing country. Patients and methods: During the study period between November 1, 2001, and December 31, 2012, 109 patients underwent potentially curative hepatectomy for HCC. Data were retrospectively reviewed from the prospectively collected database. The median follow-up was 25 months. NLR was estimated by dividing an absolute neutrophil count by an absolute lymphocyte count from the differential blood count. Receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to assess the ability of NLR to predict long-term outcomes and to determine an optimal cutoff value for all patients group, the subgroup with cirrhosis, and the subgroup without cirrhosis. The optimal cutoff values were 1.28, 1.28, and 2.09, respectively.Results: The overall 3- and 5-year survival rates were 49% and 45%, respectively, for low NLR group and 38% and 26% , respectively, for high NLR group. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.015). Overall survival was similar between low and high NLR groups in patients with cirrhosis; no difference was found between the groups (p=0.124). In patients without cirrhosis, low NLR group had longer overall survival compared with high NLR group (p=0.015). Univariate analysis identified four factors as significant predictors of long-term survival: cirrhosis, Child-Pugh score, platelet count, and NLR. On multivariate analysis, only platelet count and NLR were independent prognostic factors of long-term survival.Conclusion: Prognostic value of NLR was confirmed in noncirrhotic HCC patients who underwent curative-intent liver surgery. In HCC patients with cirrhosis, the prognostic role of NLR was not confirmed. Keywords: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis, inflammation, liver resectio