ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS SIX SIGMA DENGAN METODE DEFINE, MEASURE, ANALYZE, IMPROVE, CONTROL (DMAIC) TERHADAP LINI Z PROSES PRODUKSI MOBIL KIJANG PADA PT. TOYOTA MOTOR MANUFACTURING INDONESIA

PT. Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia (TMMI) sebagai salah satu perusahaan otomotif terkemuka di Indonesia dengan salah satu produk unggulannya yaitu mobil kijang berusaha meningkatkan kualitas produk yang dihasilkannya. Salah satu program peningkatan kualitas yang dapat menjadi pilihan dan telah terbukti keefektifannya adalah “Six-Sigma”, yaitu pada GE Company dan Motorola. Program peningkatan kualitas yang diusulkan pada penulisan skripsi ini berfokus pada departemen produksi khususnya pada QE ( Quality Engineering) dengen harapan hasil dari penerapan penelitian dengan metode ini akan memberikan usulan yang berguna bagi perbaikan kualitas proses produksi. Data-data masukan yang digunakan diperoleh selama berada di PT. TMMI sejak bulan Agustus-September 2003, baik secara tertulis maupun secara lisan. Sesuai dengan prinsip Six Sigma yang berfokus pada pelanggan dan berorientasi pada proses maka akan berpengaruh pada hasil akhir yang diharapkan. Metode yang digunakan dalam proses pengolahan data adalah DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control). Proses pengolahan data dimulai dari pendefinisian masalah yang akan dipecahkan, melakukan pengukuran terhadap data, menganalisis hasil pengukuran data, memperbaiki kesalahan produk yang didapatkan, dan kemudian mengendalikan usaha perbaikan yang telah dilakukan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pada tahap define diketahui bahwa jenis cacat terbesar pada lini produksi Z adalah bari. Pada tahap measure diketahui data berdistribusi normal dengan CTQ sebanyak 21 buah dan kinerja berada pada tingkat 4,7 sigma dengan nilai DPMO sebesar 732. Pada tahap analyze diketahui indeks kapabilitas proses sebesar 0,984631, sumber penyebab permasalahan terdapat pada faktor mesin, manusia, dan lingkungan. Pada tahap improve ditetapkan suatu rencana tindakan terhadap sumber-sumber dan akar penyebab dari masalah kualitas yang telah teridentifikasi pada tahap-tahap sebelumnya. Pada tahap terakhir yaitu control, usulan peningkatan kualitas didokumentasikan dan distandarisasikan agar dapat disebarluaskan dengan menggunakan metode 5W -2H

The Neuropathies of Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia (WM) and IgM-MGUS

Background:Neuropathy is common in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM, an IgM-associated lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma) and in IgM-monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (IgM-MGUS). Paraneoplastic or paraimmune mechanisms are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of these neuropathies. Attempts at distinguishing WM and IgM-MGUS neuropathies are lacking especially among bone marrow (BM) confirmed patients.Methods:Retrospective analyses were performed on BM confirmed WM (N=30) and IgM-MGUS (N=73) neuropathy patients with neurologic assessments and hematologic features.Results:The presence of anemia and quantity of IgM monoclonal protein were significantly greater in WM. Based on multiple neurologic assessments differences were not found for: 1) length of time from neurologic symptom onset to evaluation; 2) chief complaint of painless loss of feeling in the feet, Romberg's sign and tremor; and 3) clinical motor, sensory and reflex abnormalities. Autonomic testing was normal in both diseases. Using nerve conduction (NCS) criteria for demyelination, 62% of IgM-MGUS and 27% of WM met this criteria (p=0.013). IgM MGUS patients had greater terminal conduction slowing by ulnar residual latency calculation (&lt;0.01). The degree of axonal loss as measured by summated compound muscle action potentials and available nerve biopsy was not significantly different between diseases.Conclusion:Although WM and IgM-MGUS must be distinguished for hematologic prognosis and treatment, clinical neuropathy presentations of WM and IgM-MGUS are similar and likely related to comparable axonal loss in both conditions. Despite these similarities, evidence of demyelination was found by electrophysiologic studies much more commonly in IgM-MGUS. This difference may reflect varied immune mechanism(s) in the two disorders.</jats:sec

Ocean Seismic Network Pilot Experiment

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2003. It is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 4 (2003): 1092, doi:10.1029/2002GC000485.The primary goal of the Ocean Seismic Network Pilot Experiment (OSNPE) was to learn how to make high quality broadband seismic measurements on the ocean bottom in preparation for a permanent ocean seismic network. The experiment also had implications for the development of a capability for temporary (e.g., 1 year duration) seismic experiments on the ocean floor. Equipment for installing, operating and monitoring borehole observatories in the deep sea was also tested including a lead-in package, a logging probe, a wire line packer and a control vehicle. The control vehicle was used in three modes during the experiment: for observation of seafloor features and equipment, for equipment launch and recovery, and for power supply and telemetry between ocean bottom units and the ship. The OSNPE which was completed in June 1998 acquired almost four months of continuous data and it demonstrated clearly that a combination of shallow buried and borehole broadband sensors could provide comparable quality data to broadband seismic installations on islands and continents. Burial in soft mud appears to be adequate at frequencies below the microseism peak. Although the borehole sensor was subject to installation noise at low frequencies (0.6 to 50 mHz), analysis of the OSNPE data provides new insights into our understanding of ocean bottom ambient noise. The OSNPE results clearly demonstrate the importance of sediment borne shear modes in ocean bottom ambient noise behavior. Ambient noise drops significantly at high frequencies for a sensor placed just at the sediment basalt interface. At frequencies above the microseism peak, there are two reasons that ocean bottom stations have been generally regarded as noisier than island or land stations: ocean bottom stations are closer to the noise source (the surface gravity waves) and most ocean bottom stations to date have been installed on low rigidity sediments where they are subject to the effects of shear wave resonances. When sensors are placed in boreholes in basement the performance of ocean bottom seismic stations approaches that of continental and island stations. A broadband borehole seismic station should be included in any real-time ocean bottom observatory.This work was sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF Grant Numbers: OCE-9522114, OCE-9523541 and OCE-9819439) with additional support from Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS), Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. (JOI Contract No: 12-94), Scripps Institution of Oceanography, a Mellon Grant from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and the Earthquake Research Institute at the University of Tokyo (Visiting Professorship for RAS)

Activity of pomalidomide in patients with immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis

Immunoglobulin light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is a rare, incurable plasma cell disorder. Its therapy has benefited immensely from the expanding drug armamentarium available for multiple myeloma. Pomalidomide in combination with weekly dexamethasone (Pom/dex) is active among patients with relapsed myeloma. In the present study, we explored the Pom/dex combination in patients with previously treated AL. Patients were eligible for this prospective phase 2 trial if they had had at least one prior regimen and if they had reasonably preserved organ function. Patients were treated with oral Pom/dex. Thirty-three patients were enrolled. The median age was 66 years. Median time from diagnosis to on-study was 37 months. Eighty-two percent had cardiac involvement. The confirmed hematologic response rate was 48%, with a median time to response of 1.9 months. Organ improvement was documented in 5 patients. The median overall and progression-free survival rates were 28 and 14 months, respectively; the 1-year overall and progression-free survival rates were 76% and 59%, respectively. There was a discordance between the hematologic response and the N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide response. The most common grade 3-5 adverse events, regardless of attribution, were neutropenia and fatigue. We conclude that pomalidomide appears to be a valuable drug covering an unmet clinical need in patients with previously treated AL. The trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00558896. (Blood. 2012;119(23): 5397-5404

Estimating the information extracted by a single spiking neuron from a continuous input time series

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