Galactic Winds

Galactic winds are the primary mechanism by which energy and metals are recycled in galaxies and are deposited into the intergalactic medium. New observations are revealing the ubiquity of this process, particularly at high redshift. We describe the physics behind these winds, discuss the observational evidence for them in nearby star-forming and active galaxies and in the high-redshift universe, and consider the implications of energetic winds for the formation and evolution of galaxies and the intergalactic medium. To inspire future research, we conclude with a set of observational and theoretical challenges.Comment: Paper to be published in 2005 Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics; revision based on comments from readers and production editor. Figure 1 was replaced to show the proper density scale. A PDF file combining both text and figures is available at http://www.astro.umd.edu/~veilleux/pubs/araa.pd

Impressions of a Female Political Candidate Based on Political Party Affiliation

There is a gender gap in United States politics; men are over represented, and prioritize issues/policies differently compared with women. Stereotypes may be associated depending on group memberships. Stereotypes of men (competent) are consistent and stereotypes of women (warm) are inconsistent with politicians (competent). I examined stereotypes of major/non-major political parties, and how party affiliation affects whether stereotypes about men/male politicians/women/female politicians predict female politicians’ traits. Stereotype valence ascribed to political parties is important because people vote for a positively viewed party/representative. I assessed the strength and valence of stereotypes associated with political parties, and found major parties were viewed more positively than non-major parties, and the Democratic and Republican parties were viewed more positively than the Independent Party (Study 1). I found warmth and competence attributes ascribed to women/female politicians/men/male politicians predicted Karen Johnson’s warmth and competence depending on whether Karen Johnson was a major or non-major party candidate. When men/male politicians were perceived as competent Karen Johnson was perceived as competent, but no relationship between men/male politicians’ warmth and Karen Johnson’s warmth emerged. When women/female politicians were perceived as warm/competent, Karen Johnson was perceived as warm/competent. As a major candidate, Karen Johnson was perceived as warm/competent when women/female politicians were perceived as warm/competent. However, when Karen Johnson was a non-major candidate, there was no relationship between women’s competence and Karen Johnson’s competence, and when women/female politicians were perceived as warm, Karen Johnson was perceived as warm (Study 2). Women in office and members of multiple social groups are discussed

Alien Registration- Veilleux, Wilfrid J. (Lewiston, Androscoggin County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/27144/thumbnail.jp

Alien Registration- Veilleux, Alfred J. (Brownville, Piscataquis County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/10508/thumbnail.jp

Taurus Tunable Filter -- seven years of observing

The Taurus Tunable Filter (TTF) has now been in regular use for seven years on the Anglo-Australian Telescope. The instrument was also used for three years (1996--1999) on the William Herschel Telescope. We present a brief review of the different applications in order to illustrate the versatility of tunable filters in optical/IR spectrophotometric imaging. Tunable filters are now planned or are under development for 6-10m class telescopes which ensures their use for years to come.Comment: PASA, accepted. 20 pages, 9 figure

Plasma processes in the preparation of lithium-ion battery electrodes and separators

Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the energy storage devices that dominate the portable electronic market. They are now also considered and used for electric vehicles and are foreseen to enable the smart grid. Preparing batteries with high energy and power densities, elevated cycleability and improved safety could be achieved by controlling the microstructure of the electrode materials and the interaction they have with the electrolyte over the working potential window. Selecting appropriate precursors, reducing the preparation steps and selecting more efficient synthesis methods could also significantly reduce the costs of LIB components. Implementing plasma technologies can represent a high capital investment, but the versatility of the technologies allows the preparation of powdered nanoparticles with different morphologies, as well as with carbon and metal oxide coatings. Plasma technologies can also enable the preparation of binder-free thin films and coatings for LIB electrodes, and the treatment of polymeric membranes to be used as separators. This review paper aims at highlighting the different thermal and non-thermal plasma technologies recently used to synthesize coated and non-coated active materials for LIB cathodes and anodes, and to modify the surface of separators

Ultra-luminous Infrared Galaxies in Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 6

Ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) are interesting objects with dramatic properties. Many efforts have been made to understand the physics of their luminous infrared emission and evolutionary stages. However, a large ULIRG sample is still needed to study the properties of their central black holes (BHs), the BH-host galaxy relation, and their evolution. We identified 308 ULIRGs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 6, and classified them into the NL ULIRGs (with only narrow emission lines) and the Type I ULIRGs (with broad emission lines). About 56% of ULIRGs in our total sample show interaction features, and this percentage is 79% for redshift z < 0.2. Optical identifications of these ULIRGs show that the AGN percentage is at least 49%, and the percentage increases with the infrared luminosity. We found 62 Type I ULIRGs, and estimated their BH masses and velocity dispersions from their optical spectra. Together with known Type I ULIRGs in the literature, a sample of 90 Type I ULIRGs enables us to make a statistical study. We found that the BH masses of Type I ULIRGs are typically smaller than those of PG QSOs, and most Type I ULIRGs follow the M_{BH}-sigma relation. However, some ULIRGs with larger Eddington ratio deviate from this relation, even the line width of the [OIII] narrow line (NL) core or the [SII] line was used as the surrogate of velocity dispersion. This implies that at least some ULIRGs are probably still in the early evolution stage toward QSOs. The anti-correlation between the mass deviation from the M_{BH}-sigma relation and the Eddington ratio supports that the evolution of Type I ULIRGs is probably followed by the building up of the M_{BH}-sigma relation and the evolution to the QSO phase.Comment: 46 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables; published by Ap

Three-Dimensional Simulations of a Starburst-Driven Galactic Wind

We have performed a series of three-dimensional simulations of a starburst-driven wind in an inhomogeneous interstellar medium. The introduction of an inhomogeneous disk leads to differences in the formation of a wind, most noticeably the absence of the ``blow-out'' effect seen in homogeneous models. A wind forms from a series of small bubbles that propagate into the tenuous gas between dense clouds in the disk. These bubbles merge and follow the path of least resistance out of the disk, before flowing freely into the halo. Filaments are formed from disk gas that is broken up and accelerated into the outflow. These filaments are distributed throughout a biconical structure within a more spherically distributed hot wind. The distribution of the inhomogeneous interstellar medium in the disk is important in determining the morphology of this wind, as well as the distribution of the filaments. While higher resolution simulations are required in order to ascertain the importance of mixing processes, we find that soft X-ray emission arises from gas that has been mass-loaded from clouds in the disk, as well as from bow shocks upstream of clouds, driven into the flow by the ram pressure of the wind, and the interaction between these shocks.Comment: 37 pages, 16 figures, mpg movie can be obtained at http://www.mso.anu.edu.au/~jcooper/movie/video16.mpg, accepted for publication in Ap

Discovery of strongly blue shifted mid-infrared [NeIII] and [NeV] emission in ULIRGs

We report the discovery of blue shifted (delta(V) > 200 km/s) mid-infrared [NeIII] and/or [NeV] emission in 25 out of 82 ULIRGs (30% of our sample). The incidence of blue shifted [NeV] emission is even higher (59%) among the sources with a [NeV] detection -- the tell-tale signature of an active galactic nucleus (AGN). Sixteen ULIRGs in our sample, eleven of which are optically classified as AGN, have [NeIII] blue shifts above 200 km/s. A comparison of the line profiles of their 12.81um [NeII], 15.56um [NeIII] and 14.32um [NeV] lines reveals the ionization of the blue shifted gas to increase with blue shift, implying decelerating outflows in a stratified medium, photo-ionized by the AGN. The strong correlation of the line width of the [NeIII] line with the radio luminosity indicates that interaction of expanding radio jets with the dense ISM surrounding the AGN may explain the observed neon line kinematics for the strongest radio sources in this sample.Comment: Accepted for publication by ApJ Letters. 15 pages, 4 figure