High throughput optical readout of dense arrays of nanomechanical systems for sensing applications

N. F. Martínez et al...We present an instrument based on the scanning of a laser beam and the measurement of the reflected beam deflection that enables the readout of arrays of nanomechanical systems without limitation in the geometry of the sample, with high sensitivity and a spatial resolution of few micrometers. The measurement of nanoscale deformations on surfaces of cm2 is performed automatically, with minimal need of user intervention for optical alignment. To exploit the capability of the instrument for high throughput biological and chemical sensing, we have designed and fabricated a two-dimensional array of 128 cantilevers. As a proof of concept, we measure the nanometer-scale bending of the 128 cantilevers, previously coated with a thin gold layer, induced by the adsorption and self-assembly on the gold surface of several self-assembled monolayers. The instrument is able to provide the static and dynamic responses of cantilevers with subnanometer resolution and at a rate of up to ten cantilevers per second. The instrumentation and the fabricated chip enable applications for the analysis of complex biological systems and for artificial olfaction.The authors acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Science Ministry through Project Nos. TEC2009– 14517-C02, TRA2009–0117, and CSD2007–00010.Peer reviewe

Electrodynamic Model of the Heart to Detect Necrotic Areas in a Human Heart

To diagnose the conditions and diseases of the cardiovascular system is the main task of electrocardiology. The problem of the cardiovascular system diagnostics is caused by a complex multi-level mechanism of its functioning, and only experienced specialists are able to establish a correct diagnosis. Since the working heart is inaccessible to direct observations in real life, diagnostics of diseases is based on noninvasive methods such as electrocardiography. By assumption, weak "bursts" (micropotentials) of electrocardiographic signals in different areas are the precursors of dangerous arrhythmias. The amplitude of these signals on the body surface is insignificant and tends to be commensurate with the noise level of the measuring system. Advances in electrocardiography make it possible to generate a high resolution ECG signal and to detect the heart micropotentials. The method of modeling helps to understand causes of micropotentials in the ECG signal by selecting the model parameters. The model of the heart should allow generating a signal close to the high resolution ECG signal. The research aims to find a numerical model that allows solving the inverse problem of the heart tissue characteristics recovery using a high resolution ECG signal and CT data on the heart geometry. The proposed computer model and highly sensitive methods for the ECG measurement are the part of the hardware-software complex to detect dangerous precursors of cardiac arrhythmias

Оптимизация системы электропитания магнитоплазменного ускорителя

РЕФЕРАТ Выпускная квалификационная работа 143 с., 52 рис., 16 табл., 59 источников, 6 прил. Ключевые слова: коаксиальный магнитоплазменный ускоритель, получение медного покрытия, алюминиевые контактные поверхности, двухимпульсный режим работы, параметры изменения движения плазмы Объектом исследования является (ются) система на основе коаксиального магнитоплазменного ускорителя, на примере получения медного покрытия на алюминиевых контактных поверхностях Цель работы – оптимизации системы электропитания магнитоплазменного ускорителя в двухимпульсном режиме работы В процессе исследования проводились опыты по получению контактных пар медь-алюминий, анализ и обработка полученных данных В результате исследования были получены контактные пары медь-алюминий, произведен анализ медногABSTRACT Final qualifying work consists of 143 p., 52 fig., 16 tab., 59 sources, 6 adj. Keywords: coaxial magneto-plasma accelerator, copper coating, aluminum contact surfaces, a two-pulse operation mode, parameters change of the plasma motion. The object of the research is the system based on coaxial magneto-plasma accelerator (CMPA) for preparation copper coating on aluminum contact surfaces. The purpose of work - optimization of magneto-plasma accelerator power system in the two pulsed mode During the research experiments were performed to obtain the contact pairs of copper-aluminum, analysis and processing of data A result of research contact pair copper-aluminum were obtained, analyzes the copper coating on the contact surface of the aluminum, power system magneto-plasma accelerator

Magnetic Resonance Thermometry at 7T for Real-Time Monitoring and Correction of Ultrasound Induced Mild Hyperthermia

While Magnetic Resonance Thermometry (MRT) has been extensively utilized for non-invasive temperature measurement, there is limited data on the use of high field (≥7T) scanners for this purpose. MR-guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a promising non-invasive method for localized hyperthermia and drug delivery. MRT based on the temperature sensitivity of the proton resonance frequency (PRF) has been implemented in both a tissue phantom and in vivo in a mouse Met-1 tumor model, using partial parallel imaging (PPI) to speed acquisition. An MRgFUS system capable of delivering a controlled 3D acoustic dose during real time MRT with proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) feedback control was developed and validated. Real-time MRT was validated in a tofu phantom with fluoroptic temperature measurements, and acoustic heating simulations were in good agreement with MR temperature maps. In an in vivo Met-1 mouse tumor, the real-time PID feedback control is capable of maintaining the desired temperature with high accuracy. We found that real time MR control of hyperthermia is feasible at high field, and k-space based PPI techniques may be implemented for increasing temporal resolution while maintaining temperature accuracy on the order of 1°C

Time-resolved angiography with stochastic trajectories for dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in head and neck cancer: Are pharmacokinetic parameters affected?

Purpose To investigate the effects of different time-resolved angiography with stochastic trajectories (TWIST) k-space undersampling schemes on calculated pharmacokinetic dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) vascular parameters.Methods A digital perfusion phantom was employed to simulate effects of TWIST on characteristics of signal changes in DCE. Furthermore, DCE-MRI was acquired without undersampling in a group of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and used to simulate a range of TWIST schemes. Errors were calculated as differences between reference and TWIST-simulated DCE parameters. Parametrical error maps were used to display the averaged results from all tumors.Results For a relatively wide range of undersampling schemes, errors in pharmacokinetic parameters due to TWIST were under 10% for the volume transfer constant, Ktrans, and total extracellular extravascular space volume, Ve. TWIST induced errors in the total blood plasma volume, Vp, were the largest observed, and these were inversely dependent on the area of the fully sampled k-space. The magnitudes of errors were not correlated with Ktrans, Vp and weakly correlated with Ve.Conclusions The authors demonstrated methods to validate and optimize k-space view-sharing techniques for pharmacokinetic DCE studies using a range of clinically relevant spatial and temporal patient derived data. The authors found a range of undersampling patterns for which the TWIST sequence can be reliably used in pharmacokinetic DCE-MRI. The parameter maps created in the study can help to make a decision between temporal and spatial resolution demands and the quality of enhancement curve characterization

STRUCTURE OF LINC BY MOLECULAR BEAM ELECTRIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY

Author Institution: Afd. Atoom en Molekuulfysica katholieke, Universiteit NijmegenThe rotational spectrum of LiNC has been measured for the first time. We succeeded in producing a supersonic molecular beam (1\% LiNC in Ar). The LiNC molecule has been produced in two totally different chemical reactions. Two rotational transitions in the ground vibrational state at 26.6 and 53.2 GHz were observed being $J = 1 \leftarrow 0$ and $J = 2 \leftarrow 1$. The hyperfine structure was resolved and identified microwave double resonance. The results for the rotational constants are: $B_{e} = 13293.293(3)$ MHz, $D_{e} = 32.5(4)$ KHz; the quadrupole coupling constants are : eqQ(Li) = 0.366(30) MHz, eqQ(N) = 2.944(10) MHz. The $J = 1 \leftarrow 0$ rotational transition of $^{6}$LiNC at 29.2 GHz was observed in natural abundance, Yielding $B_{1}$ = 14591.504 (20) MHz. From this we can conclude that LiNC has a linear isocyanide structure. In earlier work we observed the rotational spectrum of KCN and NaCN and we found surprisingly a T-shaped structure for both molecules. The results for the effectives structural parameters are: ${^{r}}LiN = 1.760 A$, and ${^{r}}NC = 1.168 A$. We did not observe transitions of excited vibrational states of LiCN (abundance in the beam $\leq 3\%$). This leads to an estimated isomerization energy $\geq 120 cm^{-1}$. The agreement between our experimental results and recent ab initio calculations is good

THE STRUCTURE OF KCN: ISOTOPIC SUBSTITUTION OF 13C AND 15N^{13}C \ AND \ ^{15}N

$^{1}$ T. T\""{o}rring, J.P. Bekooy, W.L. Meerts, J. Hoeft, E. Tiemann and A. Dymanus, J. Chem. Phys. 73, 4875 (1980)Author Institution:The microwave spectra of the isotopic species $K^{13}$CN and $KC^{15}N$ have been determined by molecular beam electric resonance spectroscopy. The seeded beam technique was used to concentrate the population in the lower rotational and vibrational levels. For both isotopic species we observed about 20 rotational transitions originating in the ground vibrational state in the frequency range 12 to 38 GHz and determined the three rotational, as well as the five quartic centrifugal distortion constants. The rotational constants of the normal isotopic species $^{1}$ and of the $^{13}C$ and $^{15}N$ substituted species were used to determine the effective structure for the ground vibrational state and the substitution structure. The substitution structural parameters in {\AA} are $r_{CN}= 1.171(2), r_{CK} = 2.711(5), r_{KN} = 2.532(5)$