Грошово-кредитна система Сполучених Штатів Америки

У статті розглядаються проблеми функціонування грошово-кредитної системи Сполучених Штатів Америки — однієї з найбільш розвинених країн світу. Ключові слова: центральний банк, комерційні банки, небанківські кредитні установи, грошова одиниця, грошово-кредитна система.В статье рассматриваются проблемы функционирования денежно-кредитной системы Соединенных Штатов Америки, одной из наиболее развитых стран мира. Ключевые слова: центральный банк, коммерческие банки, небанковские кредитные учреждения, денежная единица, денежно-кредитная система.The problems of functioning of the money-andcredit United States of America are examined in the article, one of the most prosperous countries world. Key words: Central bank, commercial banken, nonbanken of credit institution, money unit, gold-credit system

Teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge of two specific historical contexts captured and compared

PCK is seen as the transformation of content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge into a different type of knowledge that is used to develop and carry out teaching strategies. To gain more insight into the extent to which PCK is content specific, the PCK about more topics or concepts should be compared. However, researchers have rarely compared teachers’ concrete PCK about more than one topic. To examine the content dependency of PCK, we captured the PCK of sixteen experienced Dutch history teachers about two historical contexts (i.e. topics) using interviews and Content Representation questionnaires. Analysis reveals that all history teachers’ PCK about the two contexts overlaps, although the degree of overlap differs. Teachers with relatively more overlap are driven by their overarching subject related goals and less by the historical context they teach. We discuss the significance of these outcomes for the role of teaching orientation as a part of PCK

Time Delays in the Synchronization of Chaotic Coupled Systems with Feedback

The synchronized excitable behavior of two coupled chaotic diode lasers with feedback was experimental and numerically studied. We determine the relation between the observed delay times in synchronized Low Frequency Fluctuation spikes and the coupling and the feedback times in the lasers.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure

Self-Pulsating Semiconductor Lasers: Theory and Experiment

We report detailed measurements of the pump-current dependency of the self-pulsating frequency of semiconductor CD lasers. A distinct kink in this dependence is found and explained using rate-equation model. The kink denotes a transition between a region where the self-pulsations are weakly sustained relaxation oscillations and a region where Q-switching takes place. Simulations show that spontaneous emission noise plays a crucial role for the cross-over.Comment: Revtex, 16 pages, 7 figure

Development of educational leaders’ adaptive expertise in a professional development programme

This study considers the extent to which a professional development programme for educational leaders in a research-intensive university contributes to participants’ adaptive expertise in the domain of leading educational change. We evaluated the programme by asking participants to execute an authentic task at the beginning and end of the programme and compared the outcomes with participants’ self-reported learning gains. While participants report they have substantially learned from participating, according to the task scores there is no significant progress in the development of adaptive expertise. Suggestions are offered to include more purposeful practice and more reflective activities in the programme