Radno mjesto - radnik - okoliš. ekspertni sistem

In the expert system described stresses due to the workplace and the life environment are represented by characteristics, which are graded from O to 5. The same is true of capabilities of the man. The algorithm looks for the compatibility of one with the other. Examples of characteristics, the function of the certainty factor and of steps of examination depth are shown, with particular reference to the cardiovascular subsystem. The expert system “Workplace - Worker - Environment- is proposed” to serve as a basic tool in occupational health care.U opisanom ekspertnom sistemu stresovi kojima je radnik izložen na radnom mjestu i u životnom okolišu prikazani su pomoću karakteristika koje se ocjenjuju brojem od O do 5. Na isti način vrednuju se i radnikove sposobnosti. Algoritmom se traži kompatibilnost jednih i drugih. Dani su primjeri karakteristika, uloga faktora sigurnosti i stupnja dubine ispitivanja, s osobitim osvrtom na kardiovaskularni podsistem. Ekspertni sistem Radno mjesto - radnik - okoliš može poslužiti kao osnovno sredstvo rada u službi medicine rada

Das Raynaudsche Phänomen bei Federrichtern

Opisan je Raynaudov fenomen u 11 radnika željezare zaposlenih na ravnanju čeličnih lisnatih pera. Fenomen nastaje kao posljedica vibracije pera od udaraca čekićem a koje se prenose na prste lijeve ruke. Značajno je da tipične smetnje iščezavaju za vrijeme rada a pojave se kad su ruke izložene hladnoći. Prikazana je metoda mjerenja tempeture kože bolesnih prstiju i analizirani su faktori koji stvaraju dispoziciju za pojavu bolesti. Autor predlaže mehanizirano ravnanje pera.Es wird über vasomotorische Schäden in den Fingern der linken Hand bei 11 Federrichtern in der Stahlfabrik Ravne na Koroškem berichtet. Der Autor beschreibt die Arbeit, bei der der Arbeiter mit der linken Hand die Blattfeder hält und sie mit der rechten, in der er den Hammer führt, richtet. Dabei vibriert die Feder, die Vibrationen werden auf die linke Hand übertragen. Nach zwei, drei Jahren solcher Arbeit entstehen vasomotorische Störungen im Sinne des Raynaudschen Phänomens. In der Literatur wird dieses Phänomen bei der Arbeit mit Pressluftwerkzeugen und Arrklopfmaschinen in der Schuhindustrie beschrieben. In den übererregbaren Arteriolen werden Krämpfe hervorgerufen. Die mittlere und die distale Phalanx des II., III., IV., V. Fingers, vor allem die des IV. und V. werden blass, kälter, taub, man spürt Parästesien und mitunter linde Schmerzen. Die Störungen entstehen nie bei der Arbeit - augenscheinlich ist der Arbeitsplatz so warm, dass der provozierende Faktor wegfällt. Die Intensität der Störungen scheint in direkter Beziehung mit der Arbeitsdauer zu sein, indessen scheinen das Alter, das Rauchen und vegetative Stigmatisation keine Beziehungen mit der Krankheit zu haben. Es wird ausführlich über Methode der Untersuchung berichtet, besonders werden Angaben über Hauttemperatur der Finger .an beiden Händen vor und nach dem Baden im kalten Wasser angegeben. Der grössle Unterschied wurde auf dem kleinen Finger gefunden; er beträgt durchschnittlich 6,5-0 C. Der Unterschied über 2° C wird aber schon als pathologisch betrachtet. Der Autor führt preventive Massnahmen an, meint aber, dass eine Anlegung der Tätigkeit bei untersuchten Arbeitern vorläufig nicht in Frage käme

Reliability of subjective rating of fatigue

V laboratorijskem eksperimentu smo na eni eksperimentalni osebi preizkusili zanesljivost subjektivne ocene utrujenosti. Izpostavili smo jo trem različnim obremenitvam (dinamicni, klimatski. respiratorju) na dveh stopnjah intenzitete ter pri tern registrirali poleg subjektivne ocene utrujenosti se nekatere fizioloske parametre. Po naključnem zaporedu smo vsako kombinacijo ponovili ter ugotovili, da med subjektivno oceno utrujenosti prve in druge serije ni statisticno pomembnih razlik. Pokazalo se je tudi, da obstoja pomembna povezanost med subjektivno oceno utrujenosti in srčno frekvenco. Čeprav rezultatov dobljenih na eni eksperimentalni osebi ni mogoce nekritično posplosevati, je videti, da je subjektivna ocena utrujenosti dovolj zanesljiva metoda za to oceno, če jo pri določenih fizičnih obremenitvah pri trenirani osebi apliciramo dovolj pogosto.A young fit male person was exposed to three laboratory loads, simulating his own professional working conditions. The loads represented cycling at 350, and 650 kpm/min-1, two different climates with ta = 16° C, RH = 80%, v = 0,3 m sec-1, and ta = 30° C, RH = 80%, v = 0,3 m sec-1, and finally the breathing through the respirator »DRAGER with two filters M 105 St«, and breathing without respirator. These loads were combined and each was repeated at random. The subject performed work, each following experimental day, at the same time in 8 cycles, consisting of 15 minutes cycling and 5 minutes rest, and of a half on hour rest at the end of the 8th cycle. The subjective rating of rectal temperature (tR) was recorded. We found different loads significantly correlated with subjective rating of fatigue, which might contribute to the reliability of the method applied at different sources of fatigue. The particular question of the reliability was continued by the repetition of each combination of loads. Between the first and the second application no significant difference existed, whereas the correlation coefficient was 0.75. Subjective rating of fatigue showed a systematic tendency to increase, while the regression line was clearly linear. Likewise the fH was correlated with subjective rating of fatigue; however, to be on safe side, we would say the same factors influenced the increase of fH as that of subjective rating of fatigue. On the other handtR, was in no correlation with subjective rating of fatigue. The results found in one subject could not be generalized without criticism, but for all that we assume that subjective rating of fatigue method could be applied with a satisfactory reliability at various physical loads after the subject has been trained and during work asked sufficiently often

DIVERSITY OF THE SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG NEZARA VIRIDULA (L.) (HETEROPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE)

The southern green stink bug Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) is a global pest of considerable ecological, agricultural and economical interest. The ancestral home of this species is supposed to be Africa and/or Mediterranean and presumably it was spread worldwide during the last two centuries with human trade and agriculture. Bugs found today on different continents do not differ morphologically, however there are substantial differences in their mating behaviour. We used horizontal starch gel electrophoresis to determine the suitability of biochemical markers for assessment of genetic variation between geographically isolated populations of N. viridula. The initial survey of populations from Slovenia, France, French West Indies and Brazil resulted in the resolution of polymorphic banding patterns within the following enzyme systems: GPI, IDH, MDH, ME, MPI and PGM. Results indicate there are consistent differences among tested populations

Genetic differentiation of European grayling (Thymallus thymallus) populations in Serbia, based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA analyses

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The structure and diversity of grayling (<it>Thymallus thymallus</it>) populations have been well studied in most of its native habitat; however the southernmost populations of the Balkan Peninsula remain largely unexplored. The purpose of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of Serbian grayling populations, detect the impact of stocking and provide guidelines for conservation and management.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Eighty grayling individuals were collected from four rivers (Ibar, Lim, Drina and Rzav). The mitochondrial DNA control region (CR; 595 bp of the 3'end and 74 bp of flanking tRNA) and the ATP6 gene (630 bp fragment) were sequenced for 20 individuals (five from each locality). In addition, all individuals were genotyped with 12 microsatellite loci. The diversity and structure of the populations as well as the recent and ancient population declines were studied using specialized software.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We detected three new haplotypes in the mtDNA CR and four haplotypes in the ATP6 gene of which three had not been described before. Previously, one CR haplotype and two ATP6 gene haplotypes had been identified as allochthonous, originating from Slovenia. Reconstruction of phylogenetic relations placed the remaining two CR haplotypes from the River Danube drainage of Serbia into a new clade, which is related to the previously described sister Slovenian clade. These two clades form a new Balkan clade. Microsatellite marker analysis showed that all four populations are genetically distinct from each other without any sign of intra-population structure, although stocking of the most diverse population (Drina River) was confirmed by mtDNA analysis. Recent and historical population declines of Serbian grayling do not differ from those of other European populations.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our study shows that (1) the Ibar, Lim and Drina Rivers grayling populations are genetically distinct from populations outside of Serbia and thus should be managed as native populations in spite of some introgression in the Drina River population and (2) the Rzav River population is not appropriate for further stocking activities since it originates from stocked Slovenian grayling. However, the Rzav River population does not represent an immediate danger to other populations because it is physically isolated from these.</p

Multi-stakeholder development of a serious game to explore the water-energy-food-land-climate nexus: The SIM4NEXUS approach

This is the final version of the article. Available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.Water, energy, food, land and climate form a tightly-connected nexus in which actions on one sector impact other sectors, creating feedbacks and unanticipated consequences. This is especially because at present, much scientific research and many policies are constrained to single discipline/sector silos that are often not interacting (e.g., water-related research/policy). However, experimenting with the interaction and determining how a change in one sector could impact another may require unreasonable time frames, be very difficult in practice and may be potentially dangerous, triggering any one of a number of unanticipated side-effects. Current modelling often neglects knowledge from practice. Therefore, a safe environment is required to test the potential cross-sectoral implications of policy decisions in one sector on other sectors. Serious games offer such an environment by creating realistic 'simulations', where long-term impacts of policies may be tested and rated. This paper describes how the ongoing (2016-2020) Horizon2020 project SIM4NEXUS will develop serious games investigating potential plausible cross-nexus implications and synergies due to policy interventions for 12 multi-scale case studies ranging from regional to global. What sets these games apart is that stakeholders and partners are involved in all aspects of the modelling definition and process, from case study conceptualisation, quantitative model development including the implementation and validation of each serious game. Learning from playing a serious game is justified by adopting a proof-of-concept for a specific regional case study in Sardinia (Italy). The value of multi-stakeholder involvement is demonstrated, and critical lessons learned for serious game development in general are presented.The work described in this paper has been conducted within the project SIM4NEXUS. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 689150 SIM4NEXUS

Removing exogenous information using pedigree data

Management of certain populations requires the preservation of its pure genetic background. When, for different reasons, undesired alleles are introduced, the original genetic conformation must be recovered. The present study tested, through computer simulations, the power of recovery (the ability for removing the foreign information) from genealogical data. Simulated scenarios comprised different numbers of exogenous individuals taking partofthe founder population anddifferent numbers of unmanaged generations before the removal program started. Strategies were based on variables arising from classical pedigree analyses such as founders? contribution and partial coancestry. The ef?ciency of the different strategies was measured as the proportion of native genetic information remaining in the population. Consequences on the inbreeding and coancestry levels of the population were also evaluated. Minimisation of the exogenous founders? contributions was the most powerful method, removing the largest amount of genetic information in just one generation.However, as a side effect, it led to the highest values of inbreeding. Scenarios with a large amount of initial exogenous alleles (i.e. high percentage of non native founders), or many generations of mixing became very dif?cult to recover, pointing out the importance of being careful about introgression events in populatio

DIVERSITY OF THE SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG NEZARA VIRIDULA (L.) (HETEROPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE)

The southern green stink bug Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) is a global pest of considerable ecological, agricultural and economical interest. The ancestral home of this species is supposed to be Africa and/or Mediterranean and presumably it was spread worldwide during the last two centuries with human trade and agriculture. Bugs found today on different continents do not differ morphologically, however there are substantial differences in their mating behaviour. We used horizontal starch gel electrophoresis to determine the suitability of biochemical markers for assessment of genetic variation between geographically isolated populations of N. viridula. The initial survey of populations from Slovenia, France, French West Indies and Brazil resulted in the resolution of polymorphic banding patterns within the following enzyme systems: GPI, IDH, MDH, ME, MPI and PGM. Results indicate there are consistent differences among tested populations

Drivers of population structure of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea

The drivers of population differentiation in oceanic high dispersal organisms, have been crucial for research in evolutionary biology. Adaptation to different environments is commonly invoked as a driver of differentiation in the oceans, in alternative to geographic isolation. In this study, we investigate the population structure and phylogeography of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in the Mediterranean Sea, using microsatellite loci and the entire mtDNA control region. By further comparing the Mediterranean populations with the well described Atlantic populations, we addressed the following hypotheses: (1) bottlenose dolphins show population structure within the environmentally complex Eastern Mediterranean Sea; (2) population structure was gained locally or otherwise results from chance distribution of preexisting genetic structure; (3) strong demographic variations within the Mediterranean basin have affected genetic variation sufficiently to bias detected patterns of population structure. Our results suggest that bottlenose dolphin exhibits population structures that correspond well to the main Mediterranean oceanographic basins. Furthermore, we found evidence for fine scale population division within the Adriatic and the Levantine seas. We further describe for the first time, a distinction between populations inhabiting pelagic and coastal regions within the Mediterranean. Phylogeographic analysis suggests that current genetic structure, results mostly from stochastic distribution of Atlantic genetic variation, during a recent postglacial expansion. Comparison with Atlantic mtDNA haplotypes, further suggest the existence of a metapopulation across North Atlantic/Mediterranean, with pelagic regions acting as source for coastal environments