Glass: a small part of the Climate Change problem, a large part of the solution

The challenging EU targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and generating electricity from renewable sources were established as – 20% and 20% by 2020. As part of the strategy, EU confirmed in 2007 the need to save around 300 million tonnes of CO2 per year from EU buildings by 2020. Housing itself accounts for some 40% of emissions, mostly associated with heating. Industry will be expected to source and use appropriate materials and process technologies to improve their own energy consumption and at the same time deliver products that permit to reach those targets. This article examines the relationship between the emissions from relevant sectors of the glass industry and compares them with the carbon savings that can be achieved with the products the industry makes. Four main areas are discussed: glass fibre insulation, advanced glazing (low emissivity glass and advanced solar glass), continuous filament glass fibre and special glass applications. It is suggested that as well as considering the use of free allowances or border carbon adjustment, member states need to take account of the benefit of these products when formulating emission constraint policies; a carbon credit feedback loop should be also explored to encourage cheaper production and installation and avoid carbon leakage.Peer reviewe

President\u27s Notes: Taking Stock

I don\u27t believe anyone could read any of my articles of the past 2 years and reach the conclusion that systems analysts are my kind of guys. It may thus strike some readers as odd that I begin this final Taking Stock by advocating the application of the logic of the world\u27s first systems analyst—the 17th-century mathematician and founder of modern probability theory, Blaise Pascal

Iowa Cattle Grub Control

A cooperative cattle grub control program in Iowa is chalking up a success story. But the job isn\u27t all over, so there is information on how and when to control for best results with your beef cattle

Radio Emission from SN 2001gd in NGC 5033

We present the results of monitoring the radio emission from the Type IIb supernova SN 2001gd between 2002 February 8 and 2002 October 28. Most of the data were obtained using the Very Large Array at the five wavelengths of $\lambda \lambda$1.3 cm (22.4 GHz), 2.0 cm (14.9 GHz), 3.6 cm (8.44 GHz), 6.2 cm (4.86 GHz), and 21 cm (1.4 GHz). Observations were also made with Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope at $\lambda$21 cm (1.4 GHz). The object was discovered optically well after maximum light, making any determination of the early radio evolution difficult. However, subsequent observations indicate that the radio emission has evolved regularly in both time and frequency and is well described by the SN shock/circumstellar medium interaction model.Comment: 16 pages 2 figures to appear in Astrophysical Journa

A Study of Compact Radio Sources in Nearby Face-on Spiral Galaxies. II. Multiwavelength Analyses of Sources in M51

We report the analysis of deep radio observations of the interacting galaxy system M51 from the Very Large Array, with the goal of understanding the nature of the population of compact radio sources in nearby spiral galaxies. We detect 107 compact radio sources, 64% of which have optical counterparts in a deep H$\alpha$ Hubble Space Telescope image. Thirteen of the radio sources have X-ray counterparts from a {\em Chandra} observation of M51. We find that six of the associated H$\alpha$ sources are young supernova remnants with resolved shells. Most of the SNRs exhibit steep radio continuum spectral indices onsistent with synchrotron emission. We detect emission from the Type Ic SN 1994I nearly a decade after explosion: the emission ($160\pm22 \mu$Jy beam$^{-1}$ at 20 cm, $46\pm11 \mu$Jy beam$^{-1}$ at 6cm, $\alpha=-1.02\pm0.28$) is consistent with light curve models for Type Ib/Ic supernovae. We detect X-ray emission from the supernova, however no optical counterpart is present. We report on the analysis of the Seyfert 2 nucleus in this galaxy, including the evidence for bipolar outflows from the central black hole.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures (5 color) in separate files, AASTeX. Full resolution figures and preprint may be obtained by contacting [email protected]. AJ accepte

Potential Insect Problems for 1969

Insect problems will continue to be detrmined by the weather, say the authors. They analyze last year\u27s problems to gain insight into what might happen in 1969

Insect Prospects for 1965

Western corn rootworm, black cutworm, corn borer are among crop insects to watch. Mosquito-borne encephalitis has been increasing and warrants protective measures for both humans and livestock

Insect and Rodent Prospects for 1963

What insects will we have this year? We can expect heavy fly populations, and both 13-year and 17-yer cicadas will invade areas of Iowa in late May. Other insect and rodent problems will depend on the weather