276,820 research outputs found
Interferometric Observations of the Nuclear Region of Arp220 at Submillimeter Wavelengths
We report the first submillimeter interferometric observations of an
ultraluminous infrared galaxy. We observed Arp220 in the CO J=3-2 line and
342GHz continuum with the single baseline CSO-JCMT interferometer consisting of
the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO) and the James Clerk Maxwell
Telescope (JCMT). Models were fit to the measured visibilities to constrain the
structure of the source. The morphologies of the CO J=3-2 line and 342GHz
continuum emission are similar to those seen in published maps at 230 and
110GHz. We clearly detect a binary source separated by about 1 arcsec in the
east-west direction in the 342GHz continuum. The CO J=3-2 visibility
amplitudes, however, indicate a more complicated structure, with evidence for a
compact binary at some velocities and rather more extended structure at others.
Less than 30% of the total CO J=3-2 emission is detected by the interferometer,
which implies the presence of significant quantities of extended gas. We also
obtained single-dish CO J=2-1, CO J=3-2 and HCN J=4-3 spectra. The HCN J=4-3
spectrum, unlike the CO spectra, is dominated by a single redshifted peak. The
HCN J=4-3/CO J=3-2, HCN J=4-3/HCN J=1-0 and CO J=3-2/2-1 line ratios are larger
in the redshifted (eastern) source, which suggests that the two sources may
have different physical conditions. This result might be explained by the
presence of an intense starburst that has begun to deplete or disperse the
densest gas in the western source, while the eastern source harbors undispersed
high density gas.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures, 4 Tables. accepted by Ap
Comparing the Weighted Density Approximation with the LDA and GGA for Ground State Properties of Ferroelectric Perovskites
First-principles calculations within the weighted density approximation (WDA)
were performed for ground state properties of ferroelectric perovskites
PbTiO, BaTiO, SrTiO, KNbO and KTaO. We used the plane-wave
pseudopotential method, a pair distribution function based on the uniform
electron gas, and shell partitioning. Comparing with the local density
approximation (LDA) and the general gradient approximation (GGA), we found that
the WDA significantly improves the equilibrium volume of these materials in
cubic symmetry over both the LDA and GGA; Ferroelectric instabilities
calculated by the WDA agree with the LDA and GGA very well; At the experimental
ferroelectric lattice, optimized atom positions by the WDA are in good
agreement with measured data; However the WDA overestimates the strain of
tetragonal PbTiO at experimental volume; The WDA overestimates the volume
of fully relaxed structures, but the GGA results are even worse. Some
calculations were also done with other models for . It is found that a
with longer range behavior yields improved relaxed structures. Possible avenues
for improving the WDA are discussed.Comment: 19 pages, 3 figures, submitted to PR
The Las Campanas IR Survey: Early Type Galaxy Progenitors Beyond Redshift One
(Abridged) We have identified a population of faint red galaxies from a 0.62
square degree region of the Las Campanas Infrared Survey whose properties are
consistent with their being the progenitors of early-type galaxies. The optical
and IR colors, number-magnitude relation and angular clustering together
indicate modest evolution and increased star formation rates among the
early-type field population at redshifts between one and two. The counts of red
galaxies with magnitudes between 17 and 20 rise with a slope that is much
steeper than that of the total H sample. The surface density of red galaxies
drops from roughly 3000 per square degree at H = 20.5, I-H > 3 to ~ 20 per
square degree at H = 20, I-H > 5. The V-I colors are approximately 1.5
magnitudes bluer on average than a pure old population and span a range of more
than three magnitudes. The colors, and photometric redshifts derived from them,
indicate that the red galaxies have redshift distributions adequately described
by Gaussians with sigma_z ~ 0.2V-I3$ are primarily in the 1.5 < z < 2
range. We find co-moving correlation lengths of 9-10 Mpc at z ~ 1, comparable
to, or larger than, those found for early-type galaxies at lower redshifts. A
simple photometric evolution model reproduces the counts of the red galaxies,
with only a ~ 30% decline in the underlying space density of early-type
galaxies at z ~ 1.2. We suggest on the basis of the colors, counts, and
clustering that these red galaxies are the bulk of the progenitors of present
day early-type galaxies.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in the ApJ Letter
Evolution of the Spin Gap Upon Doping a 2-Leg Ladder
The evolution of the spin gap of a 2-leg ladder upon doping depends upon the
nature of the lowest triplet excitations in a ladder with two holes. Here we
study this evolution using various numerical techniques for a t-t'-J ladder as
the next-near-neighbor hopping t' is varied. We find that depending on the
value of t', the spin gap can evolve continuously or discontinuously and the
lowest triplet state can correspond to a magnon, a bound magnon-hole-pair, or
two separate quasi-particles. Previous experimental results on the
superconducting two-leg ladder Sr12Ca2Cu24O41 are discussed.Comment: 4 pages, latex, submitted to PR
On the Role of Global Warming on the Statistics of Record-Breaking Temperatures
We theoretically study long-term trends in the statistics of record-breaking
daily temperatures and validate these predictions using Monte Carlo simulations
and data from the city of Philadelphia, for which 126 years of daily
temperature data is available. Using extreme statistics, we derive the number
and the magnitude of record temperature events, based on the observed Gaussian
daily temperatures distribution in Philadelphia, as a function of the number of
elapsed years from the start of the data. We further consider the case of
global warming, where the mean temperature systematically increases with time.
We argue that the current warming rate is insufficient to measurably influence
the frequency of record temperature events over the time range of the
observations, a conclusion that is supported by numerical simulations and the
Philadelphia temperature data.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, 2-column revtex4 format. For submission to
Journal of Climate. Revised version has some new results and some errors
corrected. Reformatted for Journal of Climate. Second revision has an added
reference. In the third revision one sentence that explains the simulations
is reworded for clarity. New revision 10/3/06 has considerable additions and
new results. Revision on 11/8/06 contains a number of minor corrections and
is the version that will appear in Phys. Rev.
Quantizing the damped harmonic oscillator
We consider the Fermi quantization of the classical damped harmonic
oscillator (dho). In past work on the subject, authors double the phase space
of the dho in order to close the system at each moment in time. For an
infinite-dimensional phase space, this method requires one to construct a
representation of the CAR algebra for each time. We show that unitary dilation
of the contraction semigroup governing the dynamics of the system is a logical
extension of the doubling procedure, and it allows one to avoid the
mathematical difficulties encountered with the previous method.Comment: 4 pages, no figure
A measure of majorisation emerging from single-shot statistical mechanics
The use of the von Neumann entropy in formulating the laws of thermodynamics
has recently been challenged. It is associated with the average work whereas
the work guaranteed to be extracted in any single run of an experiment is the
more interesting quantity in general. We show that an expression that
quantifies majorisation determines the optimal guaranteed work. We argue it
should therefore be the central quantity of statistical mechanics, rather than
the von Neumann entropy. In the limit of many identical and independent
subsystems (asymptotic i.i.d) the von Neumann entropy expressions are recovered
but in the non-equilbrium regime the optimal guaranteed work can be radically
different to the optimal average. Moreover our measure of majorisation governs
which evolutions can be realized via thermal interactions, whereas the
nondecrease of the von Neumann entropy is not sufficiently restrictive. Our
results are inspired by single-shot information theory.Comment: 54 pages (15+39), 9 figures. Changed title / changed presentation,
same main results / added minor result on pure bipartite state entanglement
(appendix G) / near to published versio
String amplitudes in arbitrary dimensions
We calculate gravitational dressed tachyon correlators in non critcal
dimensions. The 2D gravity part of our theory is constrained to constant
curvature. Then scaling dimensions of gravitational dressed vertex operators
are equal to their bare conformal dimensions. Considering the model as d+2
dimensional critical string we calculate poles of generalized Shapiro-Virasoro
amplitudes.Comment: 14 page
Quantum sticking, scattering and transmission of 4He atoms from superfluid 4He surfaces
We develop a microscopic theory of the scattering, transmission, and sticking
of 4He atoms impinging on a superfluid 4He slab at near normal incidence, and
inelastic neutron scattering from the slab. The theory includes coupling
between different modes and allows for inelastic processes. We find a number of
essential aspects that must be observed in a physically meaningful and reliable
theory of atom transmission and scattering; all are connected with
multiparticle scattering, particularly the possibility of energy loss. These
processes are (a) the coupling to low-lying (surface) excitations
(ripplons/third sound) which is manifested in a finite imaginary part of the
self energy, and (b) the reduction of the strength of the excitation in the
maxon/roton region
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