El decaimiento y muerte de encinas en tres dehesas de la provincia de Huelva

Oak decline affecting three holm oak plots in Huelva has been studied along the last two years. Syndromes of dieback and sudden death have been observed. In both cases, unspecific aerial symptoms were associated with root rot. Characterisation of fungal isolates from necrotic roots led us to identify Phytophthora cinnamomi A2 consistently associated with the disease. Optimum growth temperatures of these isolates were very high (30.2°C). Inoculation tests under controlled conditions demonstrated the pathogenicity of the isolates in holm and cork oak seedlings. Symptomatology associated with other biotic factors of oak decline were never recorded, so in this case, forest decline model has not been the best choice to explain the disease observed. In fact, oak defoliation and mortality can be well explained as a disease of single aetiology caused by P. cinnamomi. Nevertheless, some abiotic factors as drought or the alternancy of drought and wet periods in the region seem to play an important role.Durante dos años se ha estudiado la evolución del decaimiento de encinas en tres dehesas de la comarca del Andévalo (Huelva). Se ha observado tanto el síndrome de muerte lenta como el de muerte súbita, con una sintomatologia aérea inespecífica asociada a la podredumbre del sistema radical. La caracterización de los aislados fúngicos obtenidos a partir de las raíces necrosadas ha permitido su identificación como Phytophthora cinnamomi A2, con temperaturas óptimas de crecimiento elevadas (30.2° C). La patogenicidad de estos aislados en encina y alcornoque se ha puesto de manifiesto en experimentos de inoculación de plantones en condiciones controladas. En ningún caso fue posible localizar síntomas ni signos de otros agentes bióticos implicados en la seca de los Quercus, por lo que, en el caso de las dehesas estudiadas, el modelo de decaimiento forestal no ha resultado la mejor explicación para la enfermedad observada. La explicación del problema se podría reducir a una enfermedad de etiología simple, cuyo agente causal es P. cinnamomi, y en la que algunos factores, como la sequía o la alternancia de períodos secos y lluviosos, pueden tener una influencia decisiva

Northern Shrimp (Pandalus borealis, Krøyer) in Spanish Bottom Trawl Survey 2004 and 2005 in NAFO Divisions 3LNO

The results of northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) obtained from the Spanish bottom trawl surveys in the NAFO Regulatory Area (Divisions 3NO) in spring-summer 2004 and 2005, carried out by the Instituto Español de Oceanografía (Spanish Oceanographic Institute, Vigo Centre), are presented and compared with those from previous surveys from the same series. The catches 550 and 368 kg obtained in 2004 and 2005, respectively, confirmed the increase of shrimp importance in the last years in the Div. 3NO with an estimated biomass by swept area method around 2000 tons. Catch results from the surveys and data analysis are discussed in this paper

Northern Shrimp (Pandalus borealis, Krøyer) from Spanish Bottom Trawl Survey 2006 in NAFO Divisions 3LNO

The Spanish Institute of Oceanography carried out in 2006 two bottom trawl surveys in the NAFO Regulatory Area in Division 3NO and 3L during the months of June and August respectively. The results on northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) are presented and compared with those from previous surveys from the same series. While the catch (278 kg.) and estimated biomass (1300 tons.) confirm the decrease of shrimp importance from 2002 in 3NO, 3L showed since the beginning of the new survey in 2003 a constant and significant increase from 104551 tons. in 2003 to 215389 tons. in 2006. Catch results from the surveys and data analysis are discussed in this paper

A review of potential physical impacts on harbours in the Mediterranean Sea under climate change

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-016-0972-9The potential impact of climate change on port operations and infrastructures has received much less attention than the corresponding impact for beach systems. However, ports have always been vulnerable to weather extremes and climate change could enhance such occurrences at timescales comparable to the design lifetime of harbour engineering structures. The analysis in this paper starts with the main climatic variables affecting harbour engineering and exploitation. It continues with a review of the available projections for such variables first at global scale and then at a regional scale (Catalan coast in the western Mediterranean) as a study case for similar environments in the planet. The detailed assessment of impacts starts from downscaled projections for mean sea level and wave storms (wind not considered in the paper). This is followed by an analysis of the port operations and infrastructure performance that are relevant from a climate perspective. The key climatic factors here considered are relative sea level, wave storm features (height, period, direction and duration) and their combined effect, which is expected to produce the highest impacts. The paper ends with a discussion and some examples of analyses aiming at port adaptation to future climate change.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Northern Shrimp (Pandalus borealis, Krøyer) from Spanish Bottom Trawl Survey 2008 in NAFO Div. 3LNO

The Spanish Institute of Oceanography carried out in 2008 two bottom trawl surveys in the NAFO Regulatory Area in Division 3NO and 3L during the months of June, July and August respectively. The results on Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) are presented and compared with those from previous surveys from the same series. In 2008 the catch (24.2 kg) and estimated biomass (143.8 t) confirm the decrease of shrimp importance from 2004 in 3NO. In 3L Division, northern shrimp indices show a general increasing trend a long the whole period. Estimated biomass increased from 2003-2006; then, the values of these indices declined in 2007 (about 10%) and increased again in 2008 (149 265 t). Catch results from the surveys and data analysis are discussed in this paper

Northern Shrimp (Pandalus borealis) on Flemish Cap Surveys 2005

Since 1988, a stratified random summer bottom trawl survey are being carried out in Flemish Cap (NAFO Regulatory Area of Division 3M) by UE. From 2003 the traditional research vessel Cornide de Saavedra was replaced by the R/V Vizconde de Eza. The new vessel was calibrated and the indexes transformed. In 2004 year, the lack of time has not permitted to transform the biomass and abundance shrimp indexes of the whole series and only the 2003 and 2004 indexes from the R/V Vizconde de Eza were transformed to the R/V Cornide de Saavedra scale. In this paper, the series from 1988 to 2002 obtained with the R/V Cornide the Saavedra were transformed to make them comparable to the results obtained with the new vessel R/V Vizconde de Eza. The results of shrimp from the last survey on Flemish Cap in 2005 are presented and compared to those from previous years of the same series. Both biomass and abundance have increased significantly due to increasing of 3 age-class. The female biomass decreased, mainly due to declining of 5 and 6 year-classes. Also, in recent years (2004 and 2005) the youngest specimens (age 1) didn't appear in the catches, and they were only presents in the small size bag on the codend

Northern Shrimp (Pandalus borealis, Krøyer) from Spanish Bottom Trawl Survey 2009 in NAFO Div. 3LNO

The Spanish Institute of Oceanography carried out in 2009 two bottom trawl surveys in the NAFO Regulatory Area in Division 3NO and 3L during the months of June, July and August respectively. The results on Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) are presented and compared with those from previous surveys from the same series. In 2009 the catch (33 kg.) and estimated biomass (139 t.) confirm the decrease of shrimp importance from 2004 in 3NO. In 2009 the biomass estimated of northern shrimp in 3L Division was 74091 t. showing a drastic decline (50% with respect to 2008) after the upward trend a long the whole period studied. Catch results from the surveys and data analysis are discussed in this paper

Northern Shrimp (Pandalus borealis, Krøyer) from EU-Spain Bottom Trawl Survey 2013 in NAFO Div. 3LNO

The Spanish Institute of Oceanography carried out in 2013 two bottom trawl surveys in the NAFO Regulatory Area in Division 3NO and 3L during the months of June and August respectively. The results on Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) are presented and compared with those from previous surveys from the same series. Although in 2013 the shrimp catch (8.955 kg.) and estimated biomass (37.711 t.) in 3NO increased to 2011 level, the low values recorded confirm the decrease in the importance of shrimp catches from 2004. Similarly, in 3L Division, northern shrimp indices increased with respect to 2012 (62%) but remains at low level. Estimated biomass increased from 2003-2006; then, the values of these indices declined in 2007 (about 10%) and increased again in 2008 up to its historical maximum (149 265 t.). In 2009 is initiated a downward trend decreasing up to lowest values in 2012 in the survey series. In 2013 the biomass estimated 17 438 t. in 3L and 38 t. in 3NO were between the lowest in the Spanish surveys series. Catch results from the surveys and data analysis are discussed in this paper

Northern Shrimp (Pandalus borealis, Krøyer) from Spanish Bottom Trawl Survey 2012 in NAFO Div. 3LNO

The Spanish Institute of Oceanography carried out in 2012 two bottom trawl surveys in the NAFO Regulatory Area in Division 3NO and 3L during the months of June and August respectively. The results on Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) are presented and compared with those from previous surveys from the same series. In 2012 the catch (0.923 kg.) and estimated biomass (3.864 t.) confirm the decrease of shrimp importance from 2004 in 3NO. In 3L Division, northern shrimp indices show consecutive and drastic declines (55.7% with respect to 2011) and confirm the downward trend initiated in 2009. Estimated biomass increased from 2003-2006; then, the values of these indices declined in 2007 (about 10%) and increased again in 2008 up to its historical maximum (149265 t.). In 2012 the biomass estimated 10784 t. in 3L and 4 t. in 3NO were the lowest in the Spanish surveys series. Catch results from the surveys and data analysis are discussed in this paper

Descripción de la empresa comercial minorista andaluza: DAFO

Mediante el análisis de la información suministrada por una encuesta, realizada “ad hoc”, de tipo personal, con cuestionario cerrado y estructurado , dirigida a las 39.416 empresas comerciales minoristas que operaban en Andalucía en el año 1996, con unos determinados epígrafes de la CNAE-93 y utilizando un muestreo polietápico, triplemente estratificado, con afijación cuasi-proporcional y una razón de muestreo del 10% aproximadamente, se han obtenido las características generales del sector expandiendo los resultados muestrales, empleándose los factores de expansión derivados de la estratificación realizada y teniendo en cuenta las correcciones del marco consecuentes con el trabajo de campo realizado. Se concluye con un diagnóstico para la situación actual del sector, usando una matriz DAFO para el conjunto de empresas y se plantea un cuadro de objetivos estratégicos con las medidas que sería necesario adoptar para lograr un equilibrio competitivo entre la pequeña y la gran empresa comercial.Analyzing the information provided by a survey, made «ad hoc», with items of closed responses directed to 39,416 retail commercial companies that operated in Andalucia in 1996, with CNAE-93 specific headings, and by a nested sample, three times stratified, with a quasi-proportional sample size, whose sampling rate is 10% approximately, the general characteristics of the sector have been obtained expanding the sampling results by using the expansion factors derived from the stratification made and taking into account the corrections of the frame according to the field work made. We conclude with a diagnosis for his present sector situation using a matrix DAFO for the assembly of companies, and it is outlined a panel of strategic objectives with the measures that would be necessary to adopt in order to obtain a competitive balance between small and great commercial companies.Este trabajo presenta algunos resultados de los obtenidos en una investigación más amplia realizada por los mismos autores, bajo la dirección del Prof. Gutiérrez Jáimez, a través del Departamento de Estadística e Investigación Operativa de la Universidad de Granada y por encargo de la Consejería de Industria, Comercio y Turismo de la Junta de Andalucía