Random phase approximation for the anisotropic Heisenberg ferromagnet

Anisotropic Heisenberg ferromagnets in random phase and spin wave approximatio

Digital Beam Trajectory and Orbit System, for the CERN Proton Synchrotron

A new trajectory and orbit measurement system using fast signal sampling and digital signal processing in an FPGA is proposed for the CERN PS. The system uses a constant sampling frequency while the beam revolution frequency changes during acceleration. Synchronization with the beam is accomplished through a numerical PLL algorithm. This algorithm is also capable of treating RF gymnastics like bunch splitting or batch compression with the help of external timing signals. Baseline and position calculation are provided in the FPGA code as well. After having implemented the algorithms in C and MatLab and tested them with data from a test run at the PS, they have now been implemented in the FPGA for online use. Results of measurements on a single beam position monitor in the CERN PS and the SIS-18 at GSI will be presented

Potential net primary productivity in South America: application of a global model

We use a mechanistically based ecosystem simulation model to describe and analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP) in South America. The Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) is designed to predict major carbon and nitrogen fluxes and pool sizes in terrestrial ecosystems at continental to global scales. Information from intensively studies field sites is used in combination with continental—scale information on climate, soils, and vegetation to estimate NPP in each of 5888 non—wetland, 0.5° latitude °0.5° longitude grid cells in South America, at monthly time steps. Preliminary analyses are presented for the scenario of natural vegetation throughout the continent, as a prelude to evaluating human impacts on terrestrial NPP. The potential annual NPP of South America is estimated to be 12.5 Pg/yr of carbon (26.3 Pg/yr of organic matter) in a non—wetland area of 17.0 ° 106 km2. More than 50% of this production occurs in the tropical and subtropical evergreen forest region. Six independent model runs, each based on an independently derived set of model parameters, generated mean annual NPP estimates for the tropical evergreen forest region ranging from 900 to 1510 g°m—2°yr—1 of carbon, with an overall mean of 1170 g°m—2°yr—1. Coefficients of variation in estimated annual NPP averaged 20% for any specific location in the evergreen forests, which is probably within the confidence limits of extant NPP measurements. Predicted rates of mean annual NPP in other types of vegetation ranged from 95 g°m—2°yr—1 in arid shrublands to 930 g°m@?yr—1 in savannas, and were within the ranges measured in empirical studies. The spatial distribution of predicted NPP was directly compared with estimates made using the Miami mode of Lieth (1975). Overall, TEM predictions were °10% lower than those of the Miami model, but the two models agreed closely on the spatial patterns of NPP in south America. Unlike previous models, however, TEM estimates NPP monthly, allowing for the evaluation of seasonal phenomena. This is an important step toward integration of ecosystem models with remotely sensed information, global climate models, and atmospheric transport models, all of which are evaluated at comparable spatial and temporal scales. Seasonal patterns of NPP in South America are correlated with moisture availability in most vegetation types, but are strongly influenced by seasonal differences in cloudiness in the tropical evergreen forests. On an annual basis, moisture availability was the factor that was correlated most strongly with annual NPP in South America, but differences were again observed among vegetation types. These results allow for the investigation and analysis of climatic controls over NPP at continental scales, within and among vegetation types, and within years. Further model validation is needed. Nevertheless, the ability to investigate NPP—environment interactions with a high spatial and temporal resolution at continental scales should prove useful if not essential for rigorous analysis of the potential effects of global climate changes on terrestrial ecosystems

Wire scanners in low energy accelerators

Fast wire scanners are today considered as part of standard instrumentation in high energy synchrotrons. The extension of their use to synchrotrons working at lower energies, where Coulomb scattering can be important and the transverse beam size is large, introduces new complications considering beam heating of the wire, composition of the secondary particle shower and geometrical consideration in the detection set-up. A major problem in treating these effects is that the creation of secondaries in a thin carbon wire by a energetic primary beam is difficult to describe in an analytical way. We are here presenting new results from a full Monte Carlo simulation of this process yielding information on heat deposited in the wire, particle type and energy spectrum of secondaries and angular dependence as a function of primary beam energy. The results are used to derive limits for the use of wire scanners in low energy accelerators.Comment: 20 pages, 8 Postscript figures, uses elsart.cl

First Results from Betatron Matching Monitors Installed in the CERN PSB and SPS

In order to satisfy the tight emittance requirements of LHC, betatron matching monitors, based on multiturn beam profile measurements, have been proposed and installed in the CERN SPS and PSB. The SPS monitor is based on a OTR beam profile acquisition system and was installed two years ago and has since been tested. It helped to uncover a mismatch between PS and SPS. Experience and more results wil l be presented. The PSB monitor is based on a wire SEM and has been installed at the beginning of 1998. The first results presented here are very promising

Plant species richness regulates soil respiration through changes in productivity

Soil respiration is an important pathway of the C cycle. However, it is still poorly understood how changes in plant community diversity can affect this ecosystem process. Here we used a long-term experiment consisting of a gradient of grassland plant species richness to test for effects of diversity on soil respiration. We hypothesized that plant diversity could affect soil respiration in two ways. On the one hand, more diverse plant communities have been shown to promote plant productivity, which could increase soil respiration. On the other hand, the nutrient concentration in the biomass produced has been shown to decrease with diversity, which could counteract the production-induced increase in soil respiration. Our results clearly show that soil respiration increased with species richness. Detailed analysis revealed that this effect was not due to differences in species composition. In general, soil respiration in mixtures was higher than would be expected from the monocultures. Path analysis revealed that species richness predominantly regulates soil respiration through changes in productivity. No evidence supporting the hypothesized negative effect of lower N concentration on soil respiration was found. We conclude that shifts in productivity are the main mechanism by which changes in plant diversity may affect soil respiration

Coulomb gap in one-dimensional disordered electronic systems

We study a one-dimensional system of spinless electrons in the presence of a long-range Coulomb interaction (LRCI) and a random chemical potential at each site. We first present a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) description of the system. We use the bosonization technique followed by the replica trick to average over the quenched randomness. An expression for the localization length of the system is then obtained using the renormalization group method and also a physical argument. We then find the density of states for different values of the energy; we get different expressions depending on whether the energy is larger than or smaller than the inverse of the localization length. We work in the limit of weak disorder where the localization length is very large; at that length scale, the LRCI has the effect of reducing the interaction parameter K of the TLL to a value much smaller than the noninteracting value of unity.Comment: Revtex, 6 pages, no figures; discussions have been expanded in several place

A Comparative Study of Fast Wire Scanners, Beamscope and SEM-Grids for Emittance Measurements in the PS Booster

The tight emittance budget, imposed on the production of the high-brilliance beams in the LHC preinjectors, demands the elimination of all possible sources of beam blow-up. A prerequisite for this is reliable instrumentation and evaluation methods for comparison of their data. We have made a study of three methods for emittance measurement in the PS Booster: fast wire-scanners, BeamScope, and SEM-grids in a measurement line. For the fast wire-scanners, a full Monte-Carlo simulation was made of the beam-wire interaction, for an energy range from 100 MeV to 1 GeV, and compared to measured values. Data from a scraping method (BeamScope) are compared to profile measurements, using Abel-type integral transformations. Results will be presented

L'usage de l'espace par les exploitations d'élevage de montagne et la gestion de la biodiversité

International audienceEn prenant appui sur divers résultats de recherches menées depuis 20 ans dans les Pyrénées centrales, les caractéristiques de l'utilisation de l'espace par les exploitations agricoles sont présentées. Les particularités spatiales des territoires d'exploitation influent sur les pratiques d'utilisation des prairies et sur la dynamique des couverts et des paysages. Un modèle de référence permet de diagnostiquer la maîtrise de l'exploitation de la végétation. L'impact des modes d'usage des prairies sur leur richesse en espèces est présenté sur quelques cas concrets. Une gestion mal maîtrisée conduit à une augmentation de la diversité intraparcellaire et à une diminution de la diversité interparcellaire, puis à une baisse rapide de ces 2 diversités. Raisonner l'organisation de l'usage des prairies à des niveaux d'organisation larges est une nécessité pour préserver la biodiversité en région de montagne