Relation between attention cognitive assessment and daily life manifestation

Introducción: La valoración de la atención y las funciones ejecutivas es un elemento fundamental para la detección de dificultades de aprendizaje en la infancia. La recogida de información debe ser lo más amplia posible mostrando su relación con la vida diaria del niño. Objetivo: Este trabajo pretende constatar la existencia de una relación dos parámetros de evaluación de la atención: el cognitivo – a través de la novedosa prueba DIVISA-R - , y el conductual a través de la nueva escala de atención y funciones ejecutivas del sistema de evaluación de niños y adolescentes (SENA). Método: Participaron en el estudio 53 niños, 25 niños y 28 niñas, de la misma edad (media 8.5 ± 0.3 años) con un CI dentro de rango. Se les realizó una valoración individual de inteligencia y atención (DIVISA-R), así como la cumplimentación del cuestionario Primaria-Autoinforme (8-12 años) del SENA. Los tutores y familiares de los participantes cumplimentaron los cuestionarios del SENA Primaria-Escuela y Primaria-Familia respectivamente. Resultados: Se realizó un análisis de correlaciones Pearson. Se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre las puntuaciones de Omisiones (DIVISA-R) y las puntuaciones de Hiperactividad-Impulsividad del Autoinforme SENA (r=0,28; p=0,05) y con Problemas de Atención de Primaria-Familia SENA (r=0,29; p=0,05); se encontró correlación entre Precipitación-Distracción (DIVISA-R) y la puntuación de disposición al estudio de Primaria-escuela SENA (r=0,35; p= 0,05). Por otro lado, se encontró correlación entre el Índice Global de atención (DIVISA-R) y las puntuaciones de Problemas de atención (r=-0,41; p=0,01) y de funciones ejecutivas (r=0,28; p=0,05) de Primaria-Familia SENA. Conclusiones: Los resultados respaldan la validez ecológica de las pruebas mencionadas, y suscitan una mayor conciencia de la necesidad de proporcionar una respuesta educativa que integre no sólo el entrenamiento del alumno, si no medidas de adaptación en el aula y pautas para su entorno familiar, ámbitos donde las dificultades del alumno suelen ser más evidentes.Introduction: Attention and executive functions assessment have become an important issue to detect learning disabilities on children. Assessment has to be large and related to child daily life as much as possible. Objective: The first aim of this study was to demonstrate a relation between both parameters of attentional assessment: cognitive assessment using a novel test (DIVISA-R), and behavioral assessment reported by school and child family through a new scale of attention and executive functions obtained from children and teenager assessment system (SENA). Method: The study involved 53 children, 25 boys and 28 girls (mean 8.5 ± 0.3 years old) characterized as cognitive normal. Baseline included individual intelligence and attentional cognitive measures (DIVISA-R) and SENA Personal questionnaire (8-12 years). Tutors and children families completed SENA School and Family questionnaires respectively. Results: After data collect, we applied Pearson statistical analysis of correlations. Significant correlation between Omissions (DIVISA_R) and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity of SENA self-questionnaire were founded (r=0, 28; p=0,05) and with Attentional problems SENA Family version (r=0,29; p=0,05); there is correlation between Precipitation-distraction (DIVISA-R) and willingness to study of SENA School version (r=0,35; p=0,05). There are correlations among Attention Global index (DIVISA_R) and Attention (r=-0,41; p=0,01) Executive functions (r=0,28; p=0,05) scores of SENA family version. Conclusion: This study supports DIVISA-R and SENA transfer validation, this results should influence into educational settings empathizing the idea that children with learning disabilities required not only individual attentional training but also specific guidelines for school and family environment, settings where child difficulties are more evident

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in two siblings

Ocurrence of Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP) is reported in two siblings. The patients were both females diagnosed at 13 months and 1 month. Gastrointestinal symptoms with vomiting and failure to trhive started in the firts weeks of life. Impaired cell-mediated immunity was well documented in both girls. The older sister is at present 12 years old; her clinical evolution in stationary. The youngest died at six months of age due to rapidly progressive respiratory involvement. Six kindreds with familial ocurrence of PAP involving a total of 15 cases including ours, are reviewed. The mortality rate was 73 per cent. We tabulate sex, race, consanguinity, onset of initial symptoms, age of the diagnosis, clinical course, proven immunity disturbances, microbiological findings and health status in all cases. We discuss the clinical features of PAP and therapeutic approaches

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in two siblings

Ocurrence of Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP) is reported in two siblings. The patients were both females diagnosed at 13 months and 1 month. Gastrointestinal symptoms with vomiting and failure to trhive started in the firts weeks of life. Impaired cell-mediated immunity was well documented in both girls. The older sister is at present 12 years old; her clinical evolution in stationary. The youngest died at six months of age due to rapidly progressive respiratory involvement. Six kindreds with familial ocurrence of PAP involving a total of 15 cases including ours, are reviewed. The mortality rate was 73 per cent. We tabulate sex, race, consanguinity, onset of initial symptoms, age of the diagnosis, clinical course, proven immunity disturbances, microbiological findings and health status in all cases. We discuss the clinical features of PAP and therapeutic approaches

Flint and Quartzite: Distinguishing Raw Material Through Bone Cut Marks

Since the 1980s, several experimental analyses have been able to differentiate some lithic tool types and some of their raw materials according to the morphology of cut marks imprinted by such tools when used for butchering activities. Thus, metal tool use has been differentiated in contexts with an abundance of lithic tools, or even the use of hand axes has been documented in carcass processing, in contrast with simple unretouched or retouched flakes. As important as this information is, there are still other important aspects to be analysed. Can cut marks produced with different lithic raw material types be differentiated? Can cut marks made with different types of the same raw material type be characterized and differentiated? The objective of this study is to evaluate if cut marks resulting from the use of different flints and different quartzites are distinguishable from each other. In the present work, an experimental analysis of hundreds of cut marks produced by five types of flint and five varieties of quartzite was carried out. Microphotogrammetry and geometric–morphometric techniques were applied to analyse these cut marks. The results show that flint cut marks and quartzite cut marks can be characterized at the assemblage level. Different types of flint produced cut marks that were not significantly different from each other. Cut marks made with Olduvai Gorge quartzite were significantly different from those produced with a set comprising several other types of quartzites. Crystal size, which is larger in Olduvai Gorge quartzites (0.5 mm) than Spanish quartzites (177–250 μm), is discussed as being the main reason for these statistically significant differences. This documented intra‐sample and inter‐sample variance does not hinder the resolution of the approach to differentiate between these two generic raw material types and opens the door for the application of this method in archaeological contexts

Evolutionary history of the Azteca-like mariner transposons and their host ants

Three different complete mariner elements were found in the genome of the ant Tapinoma nigerrimum. One (Tnigmar-Mr) was interrupted by a 900-bp insertion that corresponded to an incomplete member of a fourth mariner element, called Azteca. In this work, we isolate and characterize full-length Tnigmar-Az elements in T. nigerrimum. The purpose of this study is to clarify the evolutionary history of Azteca elements and their hosts as well as the possible existence of horizontal transfer processes. For this, Azteca-like elements were also retrieved from the available sequences of various ant genomes, representing four different ant subfam-ilies: Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, Myrmicinae, and Ponerinae. The tree topology resulting for the Azteca-like elements bore very little resemblance to that of their respective hosts. The pervasive presence of Azteca-like elements in all ant genomes, together with the observation that extant copies are usually younger than the genomes that host them, could be explained either by lineage sorting or by recent horizontal transfer of active elements. However, the finding of closer genetic relationships between elements than between the ants that host them is consistent with the latter scenario. This is clearly observed in Sinvmar-Az, Tnigmar-Az, Acepmar-Az, and Cflomar-Az elements, suggesting the existence of horizontal transfer processes. On the contrary, some elements displayed more divergence than did the hosts harboring them. This may reflect either further horizontal transfer events or random lineage sorting

Micro-photogrammetric and morphometric differentiation of cut marks on bones using metal knives, quartzite, and flint flakes

In a previous article, we presented an innovative method to analyze cut marks produced with metal tools on animal bones from a metrical and tridimensional perspective (Maté-González et al. 2015). Such analysis developed a low-cost alternative technique to traditional microscopic methods for the tridimensional reconstruction of marks, using their measurements and sections. This article presents the results of an experimental study to test this photogrammetric and morphometric method for differentiating cut marks generated with metal, flint, and quartzite flakes. The results indicate statistically significant differences among cut marks produced by these three types of raw material. These results encourage the application of this method to archeological assemblages in order to establish a link between carcass processing and lithic reduction sequences on different raw materials and also to define the kind of tools used during butchery

3D analysis of cut marks using a new geometric morphometric methodological approach

The arrival of new methodological approaches to study microscopic qualities in cut mark morphology has been a major improvement in our understanding of butchering activities. Micro-morphological differences can be detected in multiple different taphonomic alterations on bone cortical surfaces that can later be used to compare different trace mark types. Through this, we can generate studies that are able to diagnose the specific taphonomic agents and activities that produce said traces that can be found on osteological surfaces. This paper presents experimental data that have been studied using micro-photogrammetry and geometric morphometrics, successfully distinguishing morphological differences in cut marks produced by different lithic tool types as well as different raw materials. The statistical results and methodologies presented here can later be applied to archaeological sites; aiding in our understanding of raw material exploitation, tool production as well as the different butchering activities that are present in faunal assemblages