CFD of a hybrid cooling system composed of a displacement ventilation unit and a radiant cooling floor

Paper presented at the 9th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Malta, 16-18 July, 2012.The combined use of displacement ventilation (DV) [1-2] and a radiant cooling floor (RCF) [3-5] is increasingly common in the field of building climatization. DV systems are based on injecting air directly into the occupied zone of the building, at low speed and at a temperature slightly below the comfort one. On the other hand, RCF systems are based on circulating cold water through a circuit of pipes embedded in the pavement. With this hybrid cooling system (DV+RCF) that combines both technologies [6], only the occupied zone is climatizated and a vertical stratification of the room air temperature is achieved [7]. In addition, indoor air quality is greater than when conventional cooling systems are used [8], because the updraft convection currents caused by heat sources in the occupied zone [9], move the hot air and contaminants to the roof level going through the occupied zone only once. DV+RCF systems work better in building with high ceiling (of 3 meters high or more), where the air stratification will improve the thermal efficiency and pollution control. Therefore, its use is appropriate in large public buildings, for example theatres [10], museums [11], train stations [12] or airport terminals [13], which are characterized by their high rise. Despite the advantages of implementing a DV+RCF system, their behaviour is not well characterized for an efficient dimensioning of the system. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present two correlations to quantify, on the one hand, the amount of energy (as heat) the floor is able to absorb by convection, that is, the heat flux along the floor, and, on the other hand, the maximum distance of influence of the primary air stream driven by the DV system. These correlations have been found for the hybrid cooling system DV+RCF in a large enclosure, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Moreover, they take into account the presence of the cooling floor and the vertical stratification of air temperature in the enclosure, becoming a powerful tool to help in the cooling system dimensioning. Multiple simulations with different Reynolds, based on the size of the diffuser and its supply air flow rate, and Grashof, based on the temperature difference between the floor and the air supplied by the diffuser, numbers were used to obtain the correlations.dc201

Thermal comfort levels in a conditioned environment with displacement ventilation and radiant cooling floor calculated using computational fluid dynamics

In a society in continuous development, the requirements for thermal comfort and indoor air quality are increasing. However, these should be achieved by rational energy consumption. With this in mind, the combined use of displacement ventilation (DV) and radiant cooling floor (RCF) is an innovative concept that has become popular as a cooling system in high-rise public enclosures. To provide a high thermal comfort, the effects of buoyancy, supplied air temperature, air discharge angle and surface floor temperature should be treated with special care. Therefore, this paper presents a sensitivity analysis considering these critical parameters in different numerical simulations. The results of the simulations are used to calculate the thermal comfort index, according to ISO 7730 standard, in high ceiling enclosures using a DV + RCF system. The general thermal sensation has been predicted using the PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) and PPD (Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied) indices. The local thermal discomfort has been evaluated by radiant temperature asymmetry, draught, vertical air temperature differences and floor surface temperatures. According to these indices, the classification of Category A is reached using DV + RCF system, exception of the radiant temperature asymmetry index. That fact will be discussed in detail, analyzed the suitability of the calculation indicates in ISO 7730 for systems involved in radiating surfaces.Papers presented to the 12th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Costa de Sol, Spain on 11-13 July 2016

Upconverting Carbon Nanodots from EDTA as Near-Infrared Activated Phototheranostic Agents

This work describes the synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots (CNDs) synthesized from ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) as a precursor and their application as luminescent agents with a dual-mode theranostic role as near-infrared (NIR) triggered imaging and photodynamic therapy agents. Interestingly, these fluorescent CNDs are more rapidly and selectively internalized in tumor cells and exhibit no cytotoxicity until remotely activated with a NIR illumination source. These CNDs are excellent candidates for photo-theranostic purposes, i.e.: simultaneous imaging and therapy can be carried out on cancer cells using their luminescent properties and the in situ generation of reactive oxidative species (ROS) upon excitation in the NIR range. In the presence of CNDs NIR remote activation induces the in vitro killing of U251 MG cells. Through the use of flow imaging cytometry we have been able to successfully map and quantify the different type of cell deaths induced by the presence of intracellular superoxide anions (¿O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) ROS species generated in situ upon NIR irradiation

Blood viscoelasticity : experimental characterization and 2D-numerical simulation of the blood flow

Circulatory system diseases are the main cause of death in Europe and United States of America. This fact has promoted increasing research related to human body biomechanics. In this context, huge increase of computational capacity has become in a valuable tool for cardiovascular disease studies. Blood viscoelastic flow through healthy carotid artery was here studied. Both experimental and computational techniques were carried out in order to simulate a realistic human situation. On the one hand, regarding the experimental study, relaxation tests were performed on blood by using a rheometer. After that, the Generalized Maxwell model was used to fit experimental data time dependence of relaxation modulus. On the other hand, several numerical simulations were carried out by using finite volume methods implemented in open source software (Foam Extend 3.1). The effect of blood viscoelastic behaviour in a common human carotid artery was tested. Results from Viscoelastic and Newtonian models for blood were compared. The main conclusion of the work is that assuming blood as a Newtonian fluid can give rise to wrong predictions, especially at the near wall region.Papers presented to the 12th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Costa de Sol, Spain on 11-13 July 2016

Adipogenesis Regulation and Endocrine Disruptors: Emerging Insights in Obesity

Indexación: Scopus.Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are defined as environmental pollutants capable of interfering with the functioning of the hormonal system. They are environmentally distributed as synthetic fertilizers, electronic waste, and several food additives that are part of the food chain. They can be considered as obesogenic compounds since they have the capacity to influence cellular events related to adipose tissue, altering lipid metabolism and adipogenesis processes. This review will present the latest scientific evidence of different EDs such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), heavy metals, "nonpersistent" phenolic compounds, triclosan, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and smoke-derived compounds (benzo -alpha-pyrene) and their influence on the differentiation processes towards adipocytes in both in vitro and in vivo models.https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2020/7453786/#copyrigh

Intelligent control for improving the efficiency of a hybrid semi-submersible platform with wind turbine and wave energy converters: fuzzy control system for the wind turbine

[EN] The use of sea wind energy is limited by the limited viable spaces on the onshore or in shallow waters. This makes the use of offshore semi-submersible platforms to be an attractive option, which additionally enables to incorporate other elements as wave converters. However, the interactions between wave converters and wind turbine increase the complexity of the system, and the traditional control techniques do not allow to integrate in an easy way those interactions, thus limiting the efficiency of energy extraction. The use of intelligent control techniques –in particular, fuzzy control– allows to take full account of the said interactions and to improve energy extraction efficiency, although simulation models and systems including those effects are required. This paper presents the development of a fuzzy-logic based control system, scalable to consider the effects due to wave converters due to an in-house developed simulation model, for the control of a wind turbine installed on a semi-submersible platform.[ES] El aprovechamiento de la energía eólica marina está limitado por la saturación de los emplazamientos viables en tierra o aguas poco profundas. Esto hace que el empleo de plataformas semisumergibles mar adentro sea una opción atractiva, que además permite incorporar otros elementos como convertidores de oleaje. Sin embargo, las interacciones entre convertidores de olas y aerogeneradores aumentan la complejidad del sistema, y las técnicas de control convencional no permiten considerar fácilmente estas interacciones, limitando el aprovechamiento de la energía primaria. El uso de técnicas de control inteligente, en particular control borroso, permite considerar estas interacciones y mejorar este aprovechamiento, si bien es necesario contar con modelos y sistemas de simulación que incluyan estos efectos. Este trabajo presenta el desarrollo de un sistema de control basado en lógica borrosa, escalable para considerar los efectos del control de convertidores de oleaje; para el control de un aerogenerador instalado en una plataforma semisumergible OC4.Este trabajo ha sido realizado parcialmente gracias al apoyo del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad del Gobierno de España, a través del proyecto ORPHEO (RTC-2016-5712-3) del Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016, Programa Estatal de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad, y de la Unión Europea a través del proyecto WIP10+ de la convocatoria ERA-NET DEMOWIND, de CDTI (España) y BEISS (Reino Unido), a través del programa de investigación e innovación H2020. Asimismo, los autores desean agradece a D. Miguel Martín Guzmán su colaboración en este trabajo.Mayorga Rubio, P.; Fernández Quijano, J.; Zambrana López, P.; Fernández Lozano, JJ.; García Cerezo, A.; Ortega Casanova, J. (2019). Control inteligente para mejorar el rendimiento de una plataforma semisumergible híbrida con aerogenerador y convertidores de oleaje: sistema de control borroso para la turbina. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática. 16(4):480-491. https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2019.10972SWORD480491164Abdullah, M. A., A. H M Yatim, C. W. Tan, and R. Saidur. 2012. "A Review of Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithms for Wind Energy Systems." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16(5): 3220-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.02.016.Alexiadis, M. C., P. S. Dokopoulos, H. S. Sahsamanoglou, and I. M. Manousaridis. 1998. "Short-Term Forecasting of Wind Speed and Related Electrical Power." Solar Energy 63(1): 61-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-092X(98)00032-2Babarit, A., and A.H. Clément. 2006. 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"A Fuzzy Model for Wind Speed Prediction and Power Generation in Wind Parks Using Spatial Correlation." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2003.821865Ekinci, Firat, Tuǧçe Demirdelen, and Mehmet Bilgili. 2017. "Modelling of Wind Turbine Power Output by Using ANNs and ANFIS Techniques." In 7th International Conference on Innovative Computing Technology, INTECH 2017,. https://doi.org/10.1109/INTECH.2017.8102425Falnes, Johannes. 2002. Ocean Waves and Oscillating Systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9780511754630 (November 9, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511754630Farfán, Roberto F., Carlos A. Cadena, and Luis T. Villa. 2015. "Experiencia En El Uso de La Lógica Difusa Para El Control Del Seguimiento Del Punto de Máxima Potencia En Convertidores Para Módulos Fotovoltaicos." Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática Industrial RIAI 12(2): 208-17. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1697791215000102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riai.2015.03.004Farhat, Maissa et al. 2015. "Diseño e Implementación de Un Sistema de Control Estable Basado En Lógica Borrosa Para Optimizar El Rendimiento de Un Sistema de Generación Fotovoltaico." RIAI - Revista Iberoamericana de Automatica e Informatica Industrial 12(4): 476-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riai.2015.07.006Garcia, Mari Cruz, Miguel A. Sanz-Bobi, and Javier del Pico. 2006. "SIMAP: Intelligent System for Predictive Maintenance. Application to the Health Condition Monitoring of a Windturbine Gearbox." Computers in Industry 57(6): 552-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2006.02.011González-González, Asier et al. 2014. "Pitch Based Wind Turbine Intelligent Speed Setpoint Adjustment Algorithms." 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"Application of Artificial Neural Network for Short Term Wind Speed Forecasting." 2016 Biennial International Conference on Power and Energy Systems: Towards Sustainable Energy (PESTSE): 1-5. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7516458/. https://doi.org/10.1109/PESTSE.2016.7516458Kim, Yun Su, Il Yop Chung, and Seung Il Moon. 2015. "Tuning of the PI Controller Parameters of a PMSG Wind Turbine to Improve Control Performance under Various Wind Speeds." Energies 8(2): 1406-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/en8021406Lasheen, Ahmed, and Abdel Latif Elshafei. 2016. "Wind-Turbine Collective-Pitch Control via a Fuzzy Predictive Algorithm." Renewable Energy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.10.030Leung, Dennis Y C, and Yuan Yang. 2012. "Wind Energy Development and Its Environmental Impact: A Review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16(1): 1031-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.09.024.Li, Gong, and Jing Shi. 2010. "On Comparing Three Artificial Neural Networks for Wind Speed Forecasting." Applied Energy 87(7): 2313-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.12.013Lin, Whei-Min, and Chih-Ming Hong. 2010. "Intelligent Approach to Maximum Power Point Tracking Control Strategy for Variable-Speed Wind Turbine Generation System." Energy 35(6): 2440-47. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360544210000964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2010.02.033Pérez de la Portilla, Marina, Amable López Piñeiro, José Andrés Somolinos Sánchez, and Rafael Morales Herrera. 2017. "Modelado Dinámico y Control de Un Dispositivo Sumergido Provisto de Actuadores Hidrostáticos." Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial 15(1): 12. https://polipapers.upv.es/index.php/RIAI/article/view/8824 (February 21, 2019). https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2017.8824Pucci, Marcello, and Maurizio Cirrincione. 2011. "Neural MPPT Control of Wind Generators with Induction Machines without Speed Sensors." 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Propagation of uncertainty in a rotating pipe mechanism to generate an impinging swirling jet flow for heat transfer from a flat plate

In Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) studies composed of the coupling of different simulations, the uncertainty in one stage may be propagated to the following stage and affect the accuracy of the prediction. In this paper, a framework for uncertainty quantification in the computational heat transfer by forced convection is applied to the two-step simulation of the mechanical design of a swirling jet flow generated by a rotating pipe (Simulation 1) impinging on a flat plate (Simulation 2). This is the first probabilistic uncertainty analysis on computational heat transfer by impinging jets in the literature. The conclusion drawn from the analysis of this frequent engineering application is that the simulated system does not exhibit a significant sensitivity to stochastic variations of model input parameters, over the tested uncertainty ranges. Additionally, a set of non-linear regression models for the stochastic velocity and turbulent profiles for the pipe nozzle are created and tested, since impinging jets for heat transfer at Reynolds number of Re = 23000 are very frequent in the literature, but stochastic inlet conditions have never been provided. Numerical results demonstrate a negligible difference in the predicted convective heat transfer with respect to the use of the profiles simulated via CFD. These suggested surrogate models can be directly embedded onto other engineering applications (e.g. arrays of jets, jet flows impinging on plates with different shapes, inlet piping in combustion, chemical mixing, etc.) in which a realistic swirling flow under uncertainty can be of interest

Carglumic acid enhances rapid ammonia detoxification in classical organic acidurias with a favourable risk-benefit profile: A retrospective observational study

BACKGROUND: Isovaleric aciduria (IVA), propionic aciduria (PA) and methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) are inherited organic acidurias (OAs) in which impaired organic acid metabolism induces hyperammonaemia arising partly from secondary deficiency of N-acetylglutamate (NAG) synthase. Rapid reduction in plasma ammonia is required to prevent neurological complications. This retrospective, multicentre, open-label, uncontrolled, phase IIIb study evaluated the efficacy and safety of carglumic acid, a synthetic structural analogue of NAG, for treating hyperammonaemia during OA decompensation. METHODS: Eligible patients had confirmed OA and hyperammonaemia (plasma NH3 > 60 μmol/L) in ≥1 decompensation episode treated with carglumic acid (dose discretionary, mean (SD) first dose 96.3 (73.8) mg/kg). The primary outcome was change in plasma ammonia from baseline to endpoint (last available ammonia measurement at ≤18 hours after the last carglumic acid administration, or on Day 15) for each episode. Secondary outcomes included clinical response and safety. RESULTS: The efficacy population (received ≥1 dose of study drug and had post-baseline measurements) comprised 41 patients (MMA: 21, PA: 16, IVA: 4) with 48 decompensation episodes (MMA: 25, PA: 19, IVA: 4). Mean baseline plasma ammonia concentration was 468.3 (±365.3) μmol/L in neonates (29 episodes) and 171.3 (±75.7) μmol/L in non-neonates (19 episodes). At endpoint the mean plasma NH3 concentration was 60.7 (±36.5) μmol/L in neonates and 55.2 (±21.8) μmol/L in non-neonates. Median time to normalise ammonaemia was 38.4 hours in neonates vs 28.3 hours in non-neonates and was similar between OA subgroups (MMA: 37.5 hours, PA: 36.0 hours, IVA: 40.5 hours). Median time to ammonia normalisation was 1.5 and 1.6 days in patients receiving and not receiving concomitant scavenger therapy, respectively. Although patients receiving carglumic acid with scavengers had a greater reduction in plasma ammonia, the endpoint ammonia levels were similar with or without scavenger therapy. Clinical symptoms improved with therapy. Twenty-five of 57 patients in the safety population (67 episodes) experienced AEs, most of which were not drug-related. Overall, carglumic acid seems to have a good safety profile for treating hyperammonaemia during OA decompensation. CONCLUSION: Carglumic acid when used with or without ammonia scavengers, is an effective treatment for restoration of normal plasma ammonia concentrations in hyperammonaemic episodes in OA patients

Long non-coding RNA signatures in the Ileum and Colon of Crohn’s disease patients and effect of Anti-TNF-α treatment on their modulation

Biological therapies only benefit one-third of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). For this reason, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which biologics elicit their effect on intestinal mucosa is needed. Increasing evidence points toward the involvement of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the pathogenesis of CD, although their role remains poorly studied. We aimed to characterize lncRNA profiles in the ileum and colon from CD patients and evaluate the effect of anti-TNF-α treatment on their transcription. Terminal ileum and left colon samples from 30 patients (active CD = 10, quiescent CD = 10, and healthy controls (HCs) = 10) were collected for RNA-seq. The patients were classified according to endoscopic activity. Furthermore, biopsies were cultured with infliximab, and their transcriptome was determined by Illumina gene expression array. A total of 678 differentially expressed lncRNAs between the terminal ileum and left colon were identified in HCs, 438 in patients with quiescent CD, and 468 in patients with active CD. Additionally, we identified three new lncRNAs in the ileum associated with CD activity. No differences were observed when comparing the effect of infliximab according to intestinal location, presence of disease (CD vs. HC), and activity (active vs. quiescent). The expression profiles of lncRNAs are associated with the location of intestinal tissue, being very different in the ileum and colon. The presence of CD and disease activity are associated with the differential expression of lncRNAs. No modulatory effect of infliximab has been observed in the lncRNA transcriptom

Effect of soybean peptide lunasin on the inflammatory and immune response of healthy human intestinal mucosa

Trabajo presentado al 2nd International Symposium on Bioactive Peptides, celebrado en Valencia (España) del 22 al 24 de mayo de 2019.Peer reviewe