Canaries (Îles)

Les Canaries, ancrées au large de la lisière septentrionale du Sahara adantique, peuvent être considérées comme une extension insulaire, marginale et fortement individualisée, du vaste univers berbère. La présence aux îles de groupes berbérophones du moins dans la phase finale de la préhistoire locale, les temps préhispaniques, semble fermement attestée par plusieurs arguments d’ordre archéologique, ethnohistorique et paléo-linguistique. Mais à l’heure actuelle des difficultés méthodologiques..

Canaries (Îles)

Les Canaries, ancrées au large de la lisière septentrionale du Sahara adantique, peuvent être considérées comme une extension insulaire, marginale et fortement individualisée, du vaste univers berbère. La présence aux îles de groupes berbérophones du moins dans la phase finale de la préhistoire locale, les temps préhispaniques, semble fermement attestée par plusieurs arguments d’ordre archéologique, ethnohistorique et paléo-linguistique. Mais à l’heure actuelle des difficultés méthodologiques..

Canaries (Îles)

Les Canaries, ancrées au large de la lisière septentrionale du Sahara adantique, peuvent être considérées comme une extension insulaire, marginale et fortement individualisée, du vaste univers berbère. La présence aux îles de groupes berbérophones du moins dans la phase finale de la préhistoire locale, les temps préhispaniques, semble fermement attestée par plusieurs arguments d’ordre archéologique, ethnohistorique et paléo-linguistique. Mais à l’heure actuelle des difficultés méthodologiques..

Canaries (Îles)

Les Canaries, ancrées au large de la lisière septentrionale du Sahara adantique, peuvent être considérées comme une extension insulaire, marginale et fortement individualisée, du vaste univers berbère. La présence aux îles de groupes berbérophones du moins dans la phase finale de la préhistoire locale, les temps préhispaniques, semble fermement attestée par plusieurs arguments d’ordre archéologique, ethnohistorique et paléo-linguistique. Mais à l’heure actuelle des difficultés méthodologiques..

The signatures of Anthropocene defaunation: cascading effects of the seed dispersal collapse

Anthropogenic activity is driving population declines and extinctions of large-bodied, fruit-eating animals worldwide. Loss of these frugivores is expected to trigger negative cascading effects on plant populations if remnant species fail to replace the seed dispersal services provided by the extinct frugivores. A collapse of seed dispersal may not only affect plant demography (i.e., lack of recruitment), but should also supress gene flow via seed dispersal. Yet little empirical data still exist demonstrating the genetic consequences of defaunation for animal-dispersed plant species. Here, we first document a significant reduction of seed dispersal distances along a gradient of human-driven defaunation, with increasing loss of large- and medium-bodied frugivores. We then show that local plant neighbourhoods have higher genetic similarity and smaller effective population sizes when large seed dispersers become extinct (i.e., only small frugivores remain) or are even partially downgraded (i.e., medium-sized frugivores providing less efficient seed dispersal). Our results demonstrate that preservation of large frugivores is crucial to maintain functional seed dispersal services and their associated genetic imprints, a central conservation target. Early signals of reduced dispersal distances that accompany the Anthropogenic defaunation forecast multiple, cascading effects on plant populations

Early holocenic and historic mtDNA african signatures in the iberian peninsula: The andalusian region as a paradigm

Determining the timing, identity and direction of migrations in the Mediterranean Basin, the role of "migratory routes" in and among regions of Africa, Europe and Asia, and the effects of sex-specific behaviors of population movements have important implications for our understanding of the present human genetic diversity. A crucial component of the Mediterranean world is its westernmost region. Clear features of transcontinental ancient contacts between North African and Iberian populations surrounding the maritime region of Gibraltar Strait have been identified from archeological data. The attempt to discern origin and dates of migration between close geographically related regions has been a challenge in the field of uniparental-based population genetics. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) studies have been focused on surveying the H1, H3 and V lineages when trying to ascertain north-south migrations, and U6 and L in the opposite direction, assuming that those lineages are good proxies for the ancestry of each side of the Mediterranean. To this end, in the present work we have screened entire mtDNA sequences belonging to U6, M1 and L haplogroups in Andalusians--from Huelva and Granada provinces--and Moroccan Berbers. We present here pioneer data and interpretations on the role of NW Africa and the Iberian Peninsula regarding the time of origin, number of founders and expansion directions of these specific markers. The estimated entrance of the North African U6 lineages into Iberia at 10 ky correlates well with other L African clades, indicating that U6 and some L lineages moved together from Africa to Iberia in the Early Holocene. Still, founder analysis highlights that the high sharing of lineages between North Africa and Iberia results from a complex process continued through time, impairing simplistic interpretations. In particular, our work supports the existence of an ancient, frequently denied, bridge connecting the Maghreb and Andalusia.Financial support was provided by the Spanish Ministry of Competitiveness through Research Project CGL2010-15191/BOS granted to RC and International Mobility Program Acciones Integradas Hispano-Portuguesas (PRI-AIBPT-2011-1004) granted to RC (Spain) and LP (Portugal) (http://www.mineco.gob.es/portal/site/mineco/idi). The E.C. Sixth Framework Programme under Contract n° ERAS-CT-2003-980409 (EUROCORES project of the European Science Foundation) also provided financial support to JMD for North African population research. CLH has a predoctoral fellowship granted by Complutense University. PS is supported by FCT Investigator Programme (IF/01641/2013). IPATIMUP (https://www.ipatimup.pt/) integrates the Instituto the Investigação em Saúde (i3S) Research Unit, which is partially supported by FCT, the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology. IPATIMUP is funded by FEDER funds through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness Factors - COMPETE and National Funds through the FCT - under the project PEst-C/SAU/LA0003/2013. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

20 | Gauda – Girrei

Publié avec le concours du Centre national du livre (CNL) et sur recommandation du Conseil international de la philosophie et des sciences humaines (UNESCO). Ce volume, à l'origine publié par Edisud, est désormais diffusé par les Editions Peeters sous l'Isbn : 978-2-7449-0028-0