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Effect of surface state and material on surface quality enhancement by Dual Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Parts produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion typically exhibit a limited surface quality often requiring
systematic post-processing. The KU Leuven AM team recently developed a Dual Laser Powder Bed Fusion
strategy to improve the quality of inclined up-facing surfaces during building. It consists of two steps: (1) a pulsed
laser induces shock waves to remove powder from inclined surfaces, followed by (2) in-situ laser remelting of
the newly exposed surfaces. The first part of this paper covers the powder removal efficiency using shock waves
depending on the used material. A design of experiments was performed for horizontal samples of tool steels,
titanium and aluminium alloys. The second part deals with the effect of the initial surface state on the powder
removal efficiency for inclined surfaces (SaR,LT60=16.2 µm, SaR,LT120=24.0 µm). Finally, the third part
demonstrates the surface quality improvement, resulting in a reduction of Ra up to 61% for 15° inclinations.Mechanical Engineerin
Synthesis, Structure, and Electrochemistry of Fischer Alkoxy- and Aminocarbene Complexes of Tungsten: The Use of DFT To Predict and Understand Oxidation and Reduction Potentials
Reactions of Fischer alkoxycarbene complexes
[W(CO)5{C(OEt)Ar}], Ar = thienyl (1) or furyl (2), with ethylene
diamine lead to the formation of two different reaction products:
an aminolysis product (5 or 6) where the ethoxy substituent of the
carbene ligand is replaced by the ethylene diamine moiety, as well
as a chelated product where aminolysis and substitution of one
carbonyl ligand had taken place, yielding 7 or 8. Aminolysis of 1
and 2 with cyclohexyl amine (CHA) produced the aminocarbene
complexes 3 (Ar = thienyl) and 4 (Ar = furyl). Complexes 1-8 are
electrochemically investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry.
The relative shifts in the oxidation and reduction potentials are
discussed and related to density functional theory (DFT) calculated
energies. DFT calculations further show that the oxidation
center is located on the metal and the carbonyl groups, while the
reduction center is localized on the carbene moiety and is strongly
influenced by the electronic properties of its substituents. Crystal
structures of 1-4, 6 and 8 are reported.Norwegian Supercomputing Program (NOTUR) through a grant of computer
time (Grant No. NN4654K) (J.C.), the South African National Research Foundation (J.C.) and the Central Research Fund of the University of the Free State, Bloemfontein (J.C.), and the University of Pretoria (M.L. and P.H.v.R.).http://pubs.acs.org/journal/orgnd7hb201