Aprender a reconocer la manipulación en informativos de TV : el caso de Telemadrid, 2003-2012

Las noticias en formato audiovisual inundan las distintas pantallas, y en muchas ocasiones como elaboraciones y contenidos que sobrepasan los límites de la función informativa hacia la propaganda, la voluntad comercial o la opinión. Una sociedad democrática idealmente sana debería estar formada por ciudadanos capaces de seleccionar los mensajes de su interés, analizarlos y evaluar sus contenidos, diferenciando entre los que responden al derecho a la libertad de información y los que pretenden otras intenciones. Estos son algunos de los objetivos de la iniciativa para la alfabetización mediática e informacional (o, en sus siglas en inglés, MIL, Media Information Literacy). El establecimiento de la agenda, el estudio del énfasis, la enunciación o la reiteración de enunciados no son las únicas fórmulas de manipulación de los noticieros audiovisuales diarios. A algunos vicios periodísticos ya conocidos hay que añadir los procedimientos manipuladores que corresponden a las técnicas del montaje audiovisual. Partiendo de la premisa de que cualquier forma de construcción es manipulable, este trabajo propone un debate sobre las estructuras de montaje audiovisual a distintos niveles -programación, articulación de la escaleta de noticias, montaje-, con la finalidad de poner de relieve que, en muchas ocasiones, la mera formación en análisis de textos audiovisuales no es suficiente para desvelar prácticas de manipulación deshonesta en la construcción de la noticia y que, por lo tanto, es necesario que la alfabetización incluya un adiestramiento en las prácticas de producción profesionales, que capacite para detectar la intención manipulativa en el propio proceso de escritura audiovisual. Se utilizan como ejemplo, en este caso negativo, noticias y tratamientos informativos que Telemadrid ha mostrado en sus pantallas durante la década 2003-2012

Spectroradiometry with sub-microsecond time resolution using multianode photomultiplier tube assemblies

Accurate and precise measurements of spectroradiometric temperature are crucial for many high pressure experiments that use diamond anvil cells or shock waves. In experiments with sub-millisecond timescales, specialized detectors such as streak cameras or photomultiplier tubes are required to measure temperature. High accuracy and precision are difficult to attain, especially at temperatures below 3000 K. Here we present a new spectroradiometry system based on multianode photomultiplier tube technology and passive readout circuitry that yields a 0.24 $\mu$s rise-time for each channel. Temperature is measured using five color spectroradiometry. During high pressure pulsed Joule heating experiments in a diamond anvil cell, we document measurement precision to be $\pm 30$ K at temperatures as low as 2000 K during single-shot heating experiments with $0.6$ $\mu$s time-resolution. Ambient pressure melting tests using pulsed Joule heating indicate that the accuracy is $\pm 80$ K in the temperature range 1800-2700 K.Comment: 17 pages, 18 figure

Circulation first – the time has come to question the sequencing of care in the ABCs of trauma; an American Association for the Surgery of Trauma multicenter trial

Background The traditional sequence of trauma care: Airway, Breathing, Circulation (ABC) has been practiced for many years. It became the standard of care despite the lack of scientific evidence. We hypothesized that patients in hypovolemic shock would have comparable outcomes with initiation of bleeding treatment (transfusion) prior to intubation (CAB), compared to those patients treated with the traditional ABC sequence. Methods This study was sponsored by the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma multicenter trials committee. We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients that presented to trauma centers with presumptive hypovolemic shock indicated by pre-hospital or emergency department hypotension and need for intubation from January 1, 2014 to July 1, 2016. Data collected included demographics, timing of intubation, vital signs before and after intubation, timing of the blood transfusion initiation related to intubation, and outcomes. Results From 440 patients that met inclusion criteria, 245 (55.7%) received intravenous blood product resuscitation first (CAB), and 195 (44.3%) were intubated before any resuscitation was started (ABC). There was no difference in ISS, mechanism, or comorbidities. Those intubated prior to receiving transfusion had a lower GCS than those with transfusion initiation prior to intubation (ABC: 4, CAB:9, p = 0.005). Although mortality was high in both groups, there was no statistically significant difference (CAB 47% and ABC 50%). In multivariate analysis, initial SBP and initial GCS were the only independent predictors of death. Conclusion The current study highlights that many trauma centers are already initiating circulation first prior to intubation when treating hypovolemic shock (CAB), even in patients with a low GCS. This practice was not associated with an increased mortality. Further prospective investigation is warranted. Trial registration IRB approval number: HM20006627. Retrospective trial not registered

An air-stable DPP-thieno-TTF copolymer for single-material solar cell devices and field effect transistors

Following an approach developed in our group to incorporate tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) units into conjugated polymeric systems, we have studied a low band gap polymer incorporating TTF as a donor component. This polymer is based on a fused thieno-TTF unit that enables the direct incorporation of the TTF unit into the polymer, and a second comonomer based on the diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) molecule. These units represent a donor–acceptor copolymer system, p(DPP-TTF), showing strong absorption in the UV–visible region of the spectrum. An optimized p(DPP-TTF) polymer organic field effect transistor and a single material organic solar cell device showed excellent performance with a hole mobility of up to 5.3 × 10–2 cm2/(V s) and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.3%, respectively. Bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic devices of p(DPP-TTF) blended with phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) exhibited a PCE of 1.8%

(E)-3-(4-Fluoro­phen­yl)-1-[4-(methyl­sulfan­yl)phen­yl]prop-2-en-1-one

In the title mol­ecule, C16H13FOS, the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 8.68 (6)°. The H atoms of the central enone group are trans and one H atom is involved in a close intra­molecular C—H⋯O contact. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak C—H⋯π inter­actions

Development of an in vitro periodontal biofilm model for assessing antimicrobial and host modulatory effects of bioactive molecules

Background: Inflammation within the oral cavity occurs due to dysregulation between microbial biofilms and the host response. Understanding how different oral hygiene products influence inflammatory properties is important for the development of new products. Therefore, creation of a robust host-pathogen biofilm platform capable of evaluating novel oral healthcare compounds is an attractive option. We therefore devised a multi-species biofilm co-culture model to evaluate the naturally derived polyphenol resveratrol (RSV) and gold standard chlorhexidine (CHX) with respect to anti-biofilm and anti-inflammatory properties.<p></p> Methods: An in vitro multi-species biofilm containing <i>S. mitis, F. nucleatum, P. Gingivalis</i> and <i>A. Actinomycetemcomitans</i> was created to represent a disease-associated biofilm and the oral epithelial cell in OKF6-TERT2. Cytotoxicity studies were performed using RSV and CHX. Multi-species biofilms were either treated with either molecule, or alternatively epithelial cells were treated with these prior to biofilm co-culture. Biofilm composition was evaluated and inflammatory responses quantified at a transcriptional and protein level.<p></p> Results: CHX was toxic to epithelial cells and multi-species biofilms at concentrations ranging from 0.01-0.2%. RSV did not effect multi-species biofilm composition, but was toxic to epithelial cells at concentrations greater than 0.01%. In co-culture, CHX-treated biofilms resulted in down regulation of the inflammatory chemokine IL-8 at both mRNA and protein level. RSV-treated epithelial cells in co-culture were down-regulated in the release of IL-8 protein, but not mRNA.<p></p> Conclusions: CHX possesses potent bactericidal properties, which may impact downstream inflammatory mediators. RSV does not appear to have bactericidal properties against multi-species biofilms, however it did appear to supress epithelial cells from releasing inflammatory mediators. This study demonstrates the potential to understand the mechanisms by which different oral hygiene products may influence gingival inflammation, thereby validating the use of a biofilm co-culture model.<p></p&gt