On the nature, occurance and origin of cold low salinity water along the edge of the Gulf Stream

In the left margin of the Gulf Stream, looking in the direction of flow, a narrow discontinuous band of relatively cold water is often found. This haa been attributed to upwelling from the colder depths of the ocean, but recent investigations throw doubt on this explanation, since this water, which forms a thin layer close to the surface, may have a lower salinity than any water in the depths. Evidence is given that the only cold low salinity source is the so-called Shelf water, which is found in a broad band between· the shore and a boundary off the Continental Shelf...

Parents’ experiences of managing their child’s postoperative pain at home: an exploratory qualitative study

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To understand parents' experiences of managing their child's postoperative pain at home. BACKGROUND: Recent changes in children's health care services often shift the responsibility of managing children's postoperative pain to parents. Although pain management is important for good postoperative outcomes, it can be a challenging task for families, and children's pain is often under-managed. DESIGN: This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews to explore parents' experiences of managing their child's postoperative pain at home. METHODS: Participants were parents of 10 typically developing 5- and 6-year olds, who underwent (adeno)tonsillectomy, and experienced no complications leading to hospitalisation in the postoperative period. One-on-one interviews were conducted with parents within three months of their child's surgery. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and content analysis was used to identify themes in parents' experiences. RESULTS: All children experienced some postoperative pain. Parents' experiences of managing their child's pain were impacted by balancing the pros and cons of administering analgesic medications, managing the emotional and psychological effects of their child's pain, as well as parents' information needs. CONCLUSIONS: Most parents' information needs were met yet they still struggled to manage their child's pain. These findings provide insight into some of the barriers that make this process challenging for many families, and what health care centres can do to help support parents manage their child's postoperative pain at home. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The results of this study may aid in the design of interventions that will support parents when managing their child's postoperative pain at home and thus improve children's experiences

Dissertatio Theologica De Necessitate Determinandi significatum memorabilium verborum aut phrasium in canonibus conciliorum aut aliis scriptoribus ecclesiasticis non raro occurrentium

Quam Una Cum Adnexis Ex Theologia Positionibus In Alma Universitate Trevirensi Sub Praesidio Wilhelmi Josephi Castello Ss. Theol. Doct. Seminarii Clementini Subregentis, Theologiae Prof. publ. ord., Universitatis & theologicae Facultatis Adsessoris Defendent Ornatissimi ac pereruditi Domini Semin. Clementini Alumni MDCCXC. die III. Septemb. mane ... D. Longard Christian. Joseph. Confluus. ...Autopsie nach Ex. der ULB DüsseldorfVorlageform der Veröffentlichungsangabe: Augustae Trevirorum, Typis Eschermannianis.Universität Trier, Dissertation, 3. Sept. 179

Badness, madness and the brain - the late 19th-century controversy on immoral persons and their malfunctioning brains

<p>In the second half of the 19th-century, a group of psychiatric experts discussed the relation between brain malfunction and moral misconduct. In the ensuing debates, scientific discourses on immorality merged with those on insanity and the brain. This yielded a specific definition of what it means to be immoral: immoral and insane due to a disordered brain. In this context, diverse neurobiological explanations for immoral mind and behavior existed at the time. This article elucidates these different brain-based explanations via five historical cases of immoral persons. In addition, the article analyses the associated controversies in the context of the period's psychiatric thinking. The rendering of the immoral person as brain-disordered is scrutinized in terms of changes in moral agency. Furthermore, a present immoral person is discussed to highlight commonalities and differences in past and present reasoning.</p>