From model system to clinical medicine: pathophysiologic links of common proteinopathies

Recent clinical evidence suggests that Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), though distinct neurological disorders, have some common pathological features that may have an impact on the clinical characteristics of these diseases. However, the question of whether these disorders have a common pathophysiology remains. Clinton and colleagues recently reported a mouse model that exhibits the combined pathologies of AD, PD, and DLB, a finding that may shed some light on this issue. Using this mouse model, the authors demonstrate that the pathogenic proteins amyloid beta, tau, and alpha-synuclein interact synergistically to enhance the accumulation of one another and accelerate cognitive decline. These data indicate shared pathogenic mechanisms and suggest the possibility that therapeutic interventions successfully targeting one of these pathogenic proteins have implications for a number of related neurodegenerative disorders

Pantry Suggestions.

16 p

Home Canning of Fruits and Vegetables.

16 p

Radio Planetary Nebulae in the Small Magellanic Cloud

We present ten new radio continuum (RC) detections at catalogued planetary nebula (PN) positions in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC): SMPS6, LIN 41, LIN 142, SMP S13, SMP S14, SMP S16, J18, SMP S18, SMP S19 and SMP S22. Additionally, six SMC radio PNe previously detected, LIN 45, SMP S11, SMPS17, LIN321, LIN339 and SMPS24 are also investigated (re-observed) here making up a population of 16 radio detections of catalogued PNe in the SMC. These 16 radio detections represent ~15 % of the total catalogued PN population in the SMC. We show that six of these objects have characteristics that suggest that they are PN mimics: LIN 41, LIN 45, SMP S11, LIN 142, LIN 321 and LIN 339. We also present our results for the surface brightness - PN radius relation ({\Sigma}-D) of the SMC radio PN population. These are consistent with previous SMC and LMC PN measurements of the ({\Sigma}-D) relation.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Scienc

Comparative Analysis of Impact Attenuation Properties from Soccer Headgear

Athletes suffering from long-term neurocognitive deficiency due to subconcussive impacts is a major concern for football and soccer players today. Football players wear helmets that can help reduce injury risks like skull fractures, and these helmets must meet standard criteria that determinines how well a functional helmet should reduce accelerations of the player’s head. Currently no standard exists for testing soccer headgear despite studies demonstrating soccer players experience similar magnitudes of impacts. In this study, a modal impact hammer was used in conjunction with a Hybrid III 50th percentile test dummy head to simulate impacts experienced by soccer players to quantify the effectiveness of headgear in attenuating head acceleration due to direct impacts. The study found one device to be functional, and able to reduce the translational acceleration for an average hit experienced by a soccer player by 20%. Devices need to be developed and common testing standards need to be established to allow for a more widespread implementation of similar devices to protect players from short and long-term injuries due to impacts

Accumulation of high magnitude acceleration events predicts cerebrovascular reactivity changes in female high school soccer athletes

Mitigating the effects of repetitive exposure to head trauma has become a major concern for the general population, given the growing body of evidence that even asymptomatic exposure to head accelerations is linked with increased risk for negative life outcomes and that risk increases as exposure is prolonged over many years. Among women's sports, soccer currently exhibits the highest growth in participation and reports the largest number of mild traumatic brain injuries annually, making female soccer athletes a relevant population in assessing the effects of repetitive exposure to head trauma. Cerebrovascular biomarkers may be useful in assessing the effects of repetitive head trauma, as these are thought to contribute directly to neurocognitive symptoms associated with mild traumatic brain injury. Here we use fMRI paired with a hypercapnic breath hold task along with monitoring of head acceleration events, to assess the relationship between cerebrovascular brain changes and exposure to repetitive head trauma over a season of play in female high school soccer athletes. We identified longitudinal changes in cerebrovascular reactivity that were significantly associated with prolonged accumulation to high magnitude (> 75th percentile) head acceleration events. Findings argue for active monitoring of athletes during periods of exposure to head acceleration events, illustrate the importance of collecting baseline (i.e., pre-exposure) measurements, and suggest modeling as a means of guiding policy to mitigate the effects of repetitive head trauma

Sub-concussive Hit Characteristics Predict Deviant Brain Metabolism in Football Athletes

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and helmet telemetry were used to monitor the neural metabolic response to repetitive head collisions in 25 high school American football athletes. Specific hit characteristics were determined highly predictive of metabolic alterations, suggesting that sub-concussive blows can produce biochemical changes and potentially lead to neurological problems

Poultry: Dressing--Marketing--Canning--Cooking.

24 p