7,073 research outputs found
Defending simulation theory against the argument from error
We defend the Simulation Theory of Mind against a challenge from the Theory Theory of Mind. The challenge is that while Simulation Theory can account for Theory of Mind errors, it cannot account for their systematic nature. There are Theory of Mind errors seen in social psychological research with adults where persons are either overly generous or overly cynical in how rational they expect others to be. There are also Theory of Mind errors observable in developmental data drawn from Maxi-type false belief tests. We provide novel responses to several examples showing that Simulation Theory can answer these challenges
FREE-FLIGHT MEASUREMENTS OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC STABILITY OF MODELS OF THE PROJECT MERCURY RE-ENTRY CAPSULE AT MACH NUMBERS 3 AND 9.5
Static & dynamic stability of mercury reentry capsule scale models at mach 3 & 9.
Sea surface and remotely sensed temperatures off Cape Mendocino, California
During September 3 to 5, 1979, a multisensor oceanographic experiment was conducted off Cape Mendocino, California. The purpose of this experiment was to validate the use of remote sensing techniques over an area along the U.S. west coast where coasted upwelling is known to be intense. Remotely sensed mutlispectral data, including thermal infrared imagery, were collected above an upwelling feature off Cape Mendocino. Data were acquired from the TIRNOS-N and NOAA-6 polar orbiting satellites, the NASA Ames Research Center's high altitude U-2 aircraft, and a U.S. Coast Guard C-130 aircraft. Supporting surface truth data over the same feature were collected aboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) ship, OCEANOGRAPHER. Atmospheric soundings were also taken aboard the ship. The results indicate that shipboard measurements of sea surface temperatures can be reproduction within 1 C or better through remote observation of absolute infrared radiance values (whether measured aboard the NOAA polar orbiting satellite, the U-2 aircraft, or the Coast Guard aircraft) by using appropriate atmospheric corrections. Also, the patterns of sea surface temperature which were derived independently from the various remote platforms provide a consistent interpretation of the surface temperature field
Ignition of thermally sensitive explosives between a contact surface and a shock
The dynamics of ignition between a contact surface and a shock wave is investigated using a
one-step reaction model with Arrhenius kinetics. Both large activation energy asymptotics and
high-resolution finite activation energy numerical simulations are employed. Emphasis is on comparing
and contrasting the solutions with those of the ignition process between a piston and a shock,
considered previously. The large activation energy asymptotic solutions are found to be qualitatively
different from the piston driven shock case, in that thermal runaway first occurs ahead of
the contact surface, and both forward and backward moving reaction waves emerge. These waves
take the form of quasi-steady weak detonations that may later transition into strong detonation
waves. For the finite activation energies considered in the numerical simulations, the results are
qualitatively different to the asymptotic predictions in that no backward weak detonation wave
forms, and there is only a weak dependence of the evolutionary events on the acoustic impedance
of the contact surface. The above conclusions are relevant to gas phase equation of state models.
However, when a large polytropic index more representative of condensed phase explosives is used,
the large activation energy asymptotic and finite activation energy numerical results are found to
be in quantitative agreement
Searching for "monogenic diabetes" in dogs using a candidate gene approach
BACKGROUND: Canine diabetes is a common endocrine disorder with an estimated breed-related prevalence ranging from 0.005% to 1.5% in pet dogs. Increased prevalence in some breeds suggests that diabetes in dogs is influenced by genetic factors and similarities between canine and human diabetes phenotypes suggest that the same genes might be associated with disease susceptibility in both species. Between 1-5% of human diabetes cases result from mutations in a single gene, including maturity onset diabetes of the adult (MODY) and neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM). It is not clear whether monogenic forms of diabetes exist within some dog breeds. Identification of forms of canine monogenic diabetes could help to resolve the heterogeneity of the condition and lead to development of breed-specific genetic tests for diabetes susceptibility. RESULTS: Seventeen dog breeds were screened for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in eighteen genes that have been associated with human MODY/NDM. Six SNP associations were found from five genes, with one gene (ZFP57) being associated in two different breeds. CONCLUSIONS: Some of the genes that have been associated with susceptibility to MODY and NDM in humans appear to also be associated with canine diabetes, although the limited number of associations identified in this study indicates canine diabetes is a heterogeneous condition and is most likely to be a polygenic trait in most dog breeds. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2052-6687-1-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users
The crustal dynamics intelligent user interface anthology
The National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) has initiated an Intelligent Data Management (IDM) research effort which has, as one of its components, the development of an Intelligent User Interface (IUI). The intent of the IUI is to develop a friendly and intelligent user interface service based on expert systems and natural language processing technologies. The purpose of such a service is to support the large number of potential scientific and engineering users that have need of space and land-related research and technical data, but have little or no experience in query languages or understanding of the information content or architecture of the databases of interest. This document presents the design concepts, development approach and evaluation of the performance of a prototype IUI system for the Crustal Dynamics Project Database, which was developed using a microcomputer-based expert system tool (M. 1), the natural language query processor THEMIS, and the graphics software system GSS. The IUI design is based on a multiple view representation of a database from both the user and database perspective, with intelligent processes to translate between the views
On the speed of fluctuations around thermodynamic equilibrium
We study the speed of fluctuation of a quantum system around its
thermodynamic equilibrium state, and show that the speed will be extremely
small for almost all times in typical thermodynamic cases. The setting
considered here is that of a quantum system couples to a bath, both jointly
described as a closed system. This setting, is the same as the one considered
in [N. Linden et al., Phys. Rev. E 79:061103 (2009)] and the ``thermodynamic
equilibrium state'' refers to a situation that includes the usual thermodynamic
equilibrium case, as well as far more general situations
Clock-Driven Quantum Thermal Engines
We consider an isolated autonomous quantum machine, where an explicit quantum
clock is responsible for performing all transformations on an arbitrary quantum
system (the engine), via a time-independent Hamiltonian. In a general context,
we show that this model can exactly implement any energy-conserving unitary on
the engine, without degrading the clock. Furthermore, we show that when the
engine includes a quantum work storage device we can approximately perform
completely general unitaries on the remainder of the engine. This framework can
be used in quantum thermodynamics to carry out arbitrary transformations of a
system, with accuracy and extracted work as close to optimal as desired, whilst
obeying the first and second laws of thermodynamics. We thus show that
autonomous thermal machines suffer no intrinsic thermodynamic cost compared to
externally controlled ones.Comment: 6 pages, 1 Appendix page, 2 figure
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