A model-independent algorithm for ionospheric tomography: 2. Experimental results

This paper presents the results of an ionospheric tomography experiment over mid-latitude Europe. The campaign has yielded 539 reconstructions over a 45 day period in spring 1995. Special attention is paid to the performance of the reconstruction algorithm, specifically by comparison with ionosonde data. Tomography and soundings tend to agree on electron density, but they do not agree on the height of maximum electron density: tomography seems to overestimate Hmax. Whereas tomography finds a daily oscillation in Hmax between 250 km (daytime) and 450 km (nighttime), the soundings indicate an oscillation between 200 and 250 km.

\u3ci\u3eParamecium bursaria\u3c/i\u3e Chlorella Virus 1 Proteome Reveals Novel Architectural and Regulatory Features of a Giant Virus

The 331 kilobase pairs chlorovirus PBCV-1 genome was re-sequenced and annotated to correct errors in the original 15 year old sequence; forty codons was considered the minimum protein size of an open reading frame. PBCV-1 encodes 416 predicted protein encoding sequences and 11 tRNAs. A proteome analysis was also conducted on highly purified PBCV-1 virions using two mass-spectrometry based protocols. The mass spectrometry-derived data were compared to PBCV-1 and its host Chlorella variabilis NC64A predicted proteomes. Combined, these analyses revealed 148 unique virus-encoded proteins associated with the virion (about 35% of the coding capacity of the virus) and one host protein. Some of these proteins appear to be structural/architectural, whereas others have enzymatic, chromatin modification and signal transduction functions. Most (106) of these proteins have no known function or homologs in the existing gene databases except as orthologs with other chloroviruses, phycodnaviruses and nuclear-cytoplasmic large DNA viruses. The genes encoding these proteins are dispersed throughout the virus genome and most are transcribed late or early late in the infection cycle, which is consistent with virion morphogenesis

A Randomized Controlled Trial on The Beneficial Effects of Training Letter-Speech Sound Integration on Reading Fluency in Children with Dyslexia.

A recent account of dyslexia assumes that a failure to develop automated letter-speech sound integration might be responsible for the observed lack of reading fluency. This study uses a pre-test-training-post-test design to evaluate the effects of a training program based on letter-speech sound associations with a special focus on gains in reading fluency. A sample of 44 children with dyslexia and 23 typical readers, aged 8 to 9, was recruited. Children with dyslexia were randomly allocated to either the training program group (n = 23) or a waiting-list control group (n = 21). The training intensively focused on letter-speech sound mapping and consisted of 34 individual sessions of 45 minutes over a five month period. The children with dyslexia showed substantial reading gains for the main word reading and spelling measures after training, improving at a faster rate than typical readers and waiting-list controls. The results are interpreted within the conceptual framework assuming a multisensory integration deficit as the most proximal cause of dysfluent reading in dyslexia.ISRCTN register ISRCTN12783279