248 research outputs found

    Prøvefiske i 2005 i Grindheimsvannet, Øvre Øydnavatnet og Ytre Øydnavatnet, Vest-Agder, i samband med kalking

    Get PDF
    Årsliste 2007I 1982 vart Grindheimsvatnet, Øvre Øydnavatnet og Ytre Øydnavatnet i Audnedal kommune i Vest-Agder prøve-fiska i samband med foreståande kalking. Da var Øvre og Ytre Øydnavatnet markert påverka av forsuring. I 2005 vart innsjøane prøvefiska på nytt for å fastslå stoda for fiskebestandane, særleg korleis det var med røyra. Prøvefisket vart gjennomført med Nordiske garn etter standardisert opplegg. Grindheimsvatnet: Fangsten av aure var under middels. Gjennomsnittleg kondisjonsfaktor var relativt dårleg med 0,93. Fangsten av skjebbe var låg. Gjennomsnittleg kondisjonsfaktor var 1,24 (utanom ei stor skjebbe). Øvre Øydnavatnet: Fangsten av aure var middels. Gjennomsnittleg kondisjonsfaktor var relativt dårleg med 0,95. Ytre Øydnavatnet: Fangsten av aure var under middels. Gjennomsnittleg kondisjonsfaktor var middels med 0,99. Fangsten av røyr var svært låg. Gjennomsnittleg kondisjonsfaktor var dårleg med 0,79. Skjebbe hadde ikkje vandra ned frå Grindheimsvatn og reetablert seg i Øvre Øydnavatnet og Ytre Øydnavatnet. Røyra i Ytre Øydnavatnet har overlevd forsuringa, truleg på grunn av kalking. Det er i dag ein tunn, men tilsynelatande ung bestand av røyr i innsjøenDirektoratet for naturforvaltnin

    3-D Finite Element Modeling of Brain Edema: Initial Studies on Intracranial Pressure Using Comsol Multiphysics

    Get PDF
    Abstract: Brain edema is one of the most common consequences of serious traumatic brain injuries which is usually accompanied with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) due to water content increment. A threedimensional finite element model of brain edema is used to study intracranial pressure in this paper. Three different boundary conditions at the end of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) were used to investigate the boundary condition effects on the volume-pressure curve based on the current model. Compared with the infusion experiments, results from the simulations show that exponential pressure boundary condition model corresponds well with the experiments

    Mechanical and leaching characterisation of impact-absorbing rubberised asphalts for urban pavements

    Get PDF
    A new impact-absorbing material is being developed to protect vulnerable road users in urban areas and has been produced and tested, mechanically and environmentally in the laboratory. The main constituent of this innovative material is the rubber recycled from end-of-life tyres to foster a circular use of resources and exploit rubber’s elastic properties. The study aims to provide a complete Uniaxial Compression Test (UCT) and leaching analysis of the material to propose and optimise a mix that is mechanically sound, durable, and respectful of the environment, in view of in-situ applications. Therefore, the UCT and Dynamic Surface Leaching Test (DSLT) were carried out on rubberised asphalt specimens with different mix designs. The 64 days cumulative concentrations of leached heavy metals and trace elements from unit surface of specimens were calculated and quantified, according to the CEN/TS 16637 standard. In parallel, thanks to a specific mechanical characterisation, compressive stress–strain curves were obtained, and the relaxation and elastic modulus were evaluated. The results from the compression tests showed that the A-mixes have the best elastic and absorbing behaviour, especially those made with an SBS-modified bituminous emulsion (A4). The results from DSLT showed that the cumulative concentration of released elements, per unit surface of specimens were lower than the Dutch Soil Quality Decree (SQD) thresholds, taken as a reference. The low and early release of leachant observed for the mixtures, especially A4 as the most promising one, leave the possibility to handle the leaching with several solutions, including rubber coating treatment or water washing before their incorporation into the mix to limit and prevent their leaching while permitting very high injury reduction performances

    Biologiske undersøkelser i 17 innsjøer i Sogn og Fjordane høsten 2000. Kalkingseffekter, vannkvalitet, fiskebestander, vegetasjon, bunndyr og dyreplankton

    Get PDF
    Årsliste 2001Biologiske undersøkelser er utført i 17 innsjøer i Sogn og Fjordane. Alle innsjøene med unntak av Kvangrøvatnet i Fjaler kommune er kalket eller påvirket av oppstrøms kalking. Undersøkelsene omfattet prøvefiske i 15 av innsjøene, og videre vannkjemisk prøvetaking, bunndyr og dyreplankton. I åtte av innsjøene ble det gjort kartlegging av vannvegetasjonen med spesiell vekt på krypsiv. Målsetningen med prosjektet var å vurdere kjemiske og biologisk effekter av kalkingen, og komme med forslag til eventuelle endringer i kalkingsstrategien. Vannkvaliteten, representert ved utløpsprøver, var relativt god i de undersøkte innsjøene. Ingen av innsjøene hadde pH under 5,5 - de fleste hadde pH 6,0 - 6,5. Samtlige innsjøer hadde ANC-verdier over 10 µekv/l. Konsentrasjonen av labilt aluminium varierte fra 1 - 15 µg/l. Det er viktig å merke seg at vannprøvene ble tatt i en periode på året hvor vannkvaliteten vanligvis er relativt god. Det ble fanget aure i samtlige av de prøvefiskede innsjøene - i Dingjevatnet og Brossvikvatnet i Gulen kommune ble det i tillegg fanget røye. Auretetthetene varierte en del, men var jevnt over gode. Kun seks av de undersøkte innsjøene hadde aurebestander med under middels tetthet: Atlevatnet, Fismavatnet, Krokevatnet, Kvangrøvatnet, Fagredalsvatnet og Bergsvatnet. På innløp Atlevatnet, innløp Fagredalsvatnet og utløpet av Bergsvatnet skilte fisken seg ut med forhøyede konsentrasjoner av gjellealuminium (snittverdier 131, 153 og 76 µg Al/g). For Torevatnet i Fjaler kommune og Skilbreida i Høyanger kommune anbefaler en å avslutte innsjøkalkingen, men fortsette med kalking av gytebekkene For de øvrige innsjøene anbefaler en at dagens kalkingsstrategi fortsetter.Fylkesmannen i Sogn og Fjordane, Miljøvernavdelinge

    Molands- og Langangsvassdraget i Aust-Agder - næringsstofftilførsler, vannkvalitet, plankton og fiskebestander

    Get PDF
    Molands- og Langangsvassdraget er undersøkt i 1994-1996 mht. vannkvalitet, plankton, fiskebestander og næringssalttilførsler. I følge SFTs klassifiseringssystem må vannkvaliteten på de ulike stasjonene i vassdragene karakteriseres som "mindre god " til "dårlig" mht virkninger av næringssalter, "mindre god " til "nokså dårlig "mht. tarmbakterier, og "god " til "nokså dårlig" mht surhet. Sedimentene i Molandsvatn så ut til å ha meget høye konsentrasjoner av disykliske aromatiske hydrokarboner som er indikator på oljeforurensning. Det er beregnet en fosfortilførsel til Molandsvatn og Langangsvatn på hhv 730 og 1040 kg P/år. Av dette er bidraget fra landbruk og bebyggelse anslått til omkring 65%. De totale nitrogentilførslene er beregnet til 23,1 tonn for Molandsvatn og 32,7 tonn for Langangsvatn. Nitrogenbidraget fra lokale kilder er anslått til 40 %. Under elektrofiske i tilløpsbekker til Molandsvatn under tørrværsperioden i august 1995 ble det registrert fisk i Tveitebekken, Skjulestadbekken, Brekkeelva, Moenbekken og Våjebekken. Ved prøvefiske av Molandsvatn i september 1995 ble det fanget 6 aure, 821 tryte(abbor) og 49 suter. Det ble dermed fanget færre aure, men flere tryter (abbor) og suter enn ved prøvefisket i 1985/86.Arendal kommun

    Asynchronous Antarctic and Greenland ice-volume contributions to the last interglacial sea-level highstand

    Get PDF
    The last interglacial (LIG; ~130 to ~118 thousand years ago, ka) was the last time global sea level rose well above the present level. Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) contributions were insufficient to explain the highstand, so that substantial Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) reduction is implied. However, the nature and drivers of GrIS and AIS reductions remain enigmatic, even though they may be critical for understanding future sea-level rise. Here we complement existing records with new data, and reveal that the LIG contained an AIS-derived highstand from ~129.5 to ~125 ka, a lowstand centred on 125–124 ka, and joint AIS + GrIS contributions from ~123.5 to ~118 ka. Moreover, a dual substructure within the first highstand suggests temporal variability in the AIS contributions. Implied rates of sea-level rise are high (up to several meters per century; m c−1), and lend credibility to high rates inferred by ice modelling under certain ice-shelf instability parameterisations.Universidade de VigoAustralian Research Council Laureate Fellowship | Ref. FL120100050RCN project THRESHOLDS | Ref. 2549

    The role of clathrin in post-golgi trafficking in toxoplasma gondii

    Get PDF
    Apicomplexan parasites are single eukaryotic cells with a highly polarised secretory system that contains unique secretory organelles (micronemes and rhoptries) that are required for host cell invasion. In contrast, the role of the endosomal system is poorly understood in these parasites. With many typical endocytic factors missing, we speculated that endocytosis depends exclusively on a clathrin-mediated mechanism. Intriguingly, in Toxoplasma gondii we were only able to observe the endogenous clathrin heavy chain 1 (CHC1) at the Golgi, but not at the parasite surface. For the functional characterisation of Toxoplasma gondii CHC1 we generated parasite mutants conditionally expressing the dominant negative clathrin Hub fragment and demonstrate that CHC1 is essential for vesicle formation at the trans-Golgi network. Consequently, the functional ablation of CHC1 results in Golgi aberrations, a block in the biogenesis of the unique secretory microneme and rhoptry organelles, and of the pellicle. However, we found no morphological evidence for clathrin mediating endocytosis in these parasites and speculate that they remodelled their vesicular trafficking system to adapt to an intracellular lifestyle

    Revealing the last 13,500 years of environmental history from the multiproxy record of a mountain lake (Lago Enol, northern Iberian Peninsula)

    Get PDF
    This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-009-9387-7.We present the Holocene sequence from Lago Enol (43°16′N, 4°59′W, 1,070 m a.s.l.), Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain. A multiproxy analysis provided comprehensive information about regional humidity and temperature changes. The analysis included sedimentological descriptions, physical properties, organic carbon and carbonate content, mineralogy and geochemical composition together with biological proxies including diatom and ostracod assemblages. A detailed pollen study enabled reconstruction of variations in vegetation cover, which were interpreted in the context of climate changes and human impact. Four distinct stages were recognized for the last 13,500 years: (1) a cold and dry episode that includes the Younger Dryas event (13,500–11,600 cal. year BP); (2) a humid and warmer period characterizing the onset of the Holocene (11,600–8,700 cal. year BP); (3) a tendency toward a drier climate during the middle Holocene (8,700–4,650 cal. year BP); and (4) a return to humid conditions following landscape modification by human activity (pastoral activities, deforestation) in the late Holocene (4,650–2,200 cal. year BP). Superimposed on relatively stable landscape conditions (e.g. maintenance of well established forests), the typical environmental variability of the southern European region is observed at this site.The Spanish Inter-Ministry Commission of Science and Technology (CICYT), the Spanish National Parks agency, the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Science, and the European Social Fund

    Revealing the last 13,500 years of environmental history from the multiproxy record of a mountain lake (Lago Enol, northern Iberian Peninsula)

    Get PDF
    This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-009-9387-7.We present the Holocene sequence from Lago Enol (43°16′N, 4°59′W, 1,070 m a.s.l.), Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain. A multiproxy analysis provided comprehensive information about regional humidity and temperature changes. The analysis included sedimentological descriptions, physical properties, organic carbon and carbonate content, mineralogy and geochemical composition together with biological proxies including diatom and ostracod assemblages. A detailed pollen study enabled reconstruction of variations in vegetation cover, which were interpreted in the context of climate changes and human impact. Four distinct stages were recognized for the last 13,500 years: (1) a cold and dry episode that includes the Younger Dryas event (13,500–11,600 cal. year BP); (2) a humid and warmer period characterizing the onset of the Holocene (11,600–8,700 cal. year BP); (3) a tendency toward a drier climate during the middle Holocene (8,700–4,650 cal. year BP); and (4) a return to humid conditions following landscape modification by human activity (pastoral activities, deforestation) in the late Holocene (4,650–2,200 cal. year BP). Superimposed on relatively stable landscape conditions (e.g. maintenance of well established forests), the typical environmental variability of the southern European region is observed at this site.The Spanish Inter-Ministry Commission of Science and Technology (CICYT), the Spanish National Parks agency, the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Science, and the European Social Fund
    corecore