3,311 research outputs found
Damages for reputational harm: can privacy actions tread on defamation’s turf?
In four recent cases, the High Court of England and Wales has had to consider whether damages for reputational harm can be recovered in a claim for misuse of private information (‘MOPI’). This is an important issue which sharpens focus on the precise boundaries between privacy and defamation law. And yet it is a question on which the court is currently divided, with different judges coming to different conclusions on whether, and on what basis, reputational harm damages can be awarded in a privacy claim. This article argues that the key to resolving this issue is to better understand: (1) the precise interests protected by defamation and MOPI; and (2) how the interests protected by each tort are tied to the available heads of damage. Unpacking these points in turn, the article explains why damages for reputational harm should be restricted to defamation and be unavailable in a MOPI claim
Four-photon interference: a realizable experiment to demonstrate violation of EPR postulates for perfect correlations
Bell's theorem reveals contradictions between the predictions of quantum
mechanics and the EPR postulates for a pair of particles only in situations
involving imperfect statistical correlations. However, with three or more
particles, contradictions emerge even for perfect correlations. We describe an
experiment which can be realized in the laboratory, using four-photon entangled
states generated by parametric down-conversion, to demonstrate this
contradiction at the level of perfect correlations.Comment: publishe
Time domain numerical calculations of unsteady vortical flows about a flat plate airfoil
A time domain numerical scheme is developed to solve for the unsteady flow about a flat plate airfoil due to imposed upstream, small amplitude, transverse velocity perturbations. The governing equation for the resulting unsteady potential is a homogeneous, constant coefficient, convective wave equation. Accurate solution of the problem requires the development of approximate boundary conditions which correctly model the physics of the unsteady flow in the far field. A uniformly valid far field boundary condition is developed, and numerical results are presented using this condition. The stability of the scheme is discussed, and the stability restriction for the scheme is established as a function of the Mach number. Finally, comparisons are made with the frequency domain calculation by Scott and Atassi, and the relative strengths and weaknesses of each approach are assessed
Enabling Radiative Transfer on AMR grids in CRASH
We introduce CRASH-AMR, a new version of the cosmological Radiative Transfer
(RT) code CRASH, enabled to use refined grids. This new feature allows us to
attain higher resolution in our RT simulations and thus to describe more
accurately ionisation and temperature patterns in high density regions. We have
tested CRASH-AMR by simulating the evolution of an ionised region produced by a
single source embedded in gas at constant density, as well as by a more
realistic configuration of multiple sources in an inhomogeneous density field.
While we find an excellent agreement with the previous version of CRASH when
the AMR feature is disabled, showing that no numerical artifact has been
introduced in CRASH-AMR, when additional refinement levels are used the code
can simulate more accurately the physics of ionised gas in high density
regions. This result has been attained at no computational loss, as RT
simulations on AMR grids with maximum resolution equivalent to that of a
uniform cartesian grid can be run with a gain of up to 60% in computational
time.Comment: 19 pages, 17 figures. MNRAS, in pres
Reversed propagation dynamics of Laguerre-Gaussian beams in left-handed materials
On the basis of angular spectrum representation, the reversed propagation
dynamics of Laguerre-Gaussian beam in left-handed materials (LHMs) is
presented. We show that negative phase velocity gives rise to a reversed screw
of wave-front, and ultimately leads to a reversed rotation of optical vortex.
Furthermore, negative Gouy-phase shift causes an inverse spiral of Poynting
vector. It is found that the Laguerre-Gaussian beam in LHMs will present the
same propagation characteristics as the counterpart with opposite topological
charges in regular right-handed materials (RHMs). The momentum conservation
theorem insures that the tangential component of the wave momentum at the
RHM-LHM boundary is conserved. It is shown that although the linear momentum
reverses its direction, the angular momentum remains unchanged.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Potential theoretic methods for far field sound radiation calculations
In the area of computational acoustics, procedures which accurately predict the far-field sound radiation are much sought after. A systematic development of such procedures are found in a sequence of papers by Atassi. The method presented here is an alternate approach to predicting far field sound based on simple layer potential theoretic methods. The main advantages of this method are: it requires only a simple free space Green's function, it can accommodate arbitrary shapes of Kirchoff surfaces, and is readily extendable to three-dimensional problems. Moreover, the procedure presented here, though tested for unsteady lifting airfoil problems, can easily be adapted to other areas of interest, such as jet noise radiation problems. Results are presented for lifting airfoil problems and comparisons are made with the results reported by Atassi. Direct comparisons are also made for the flat plate case
Weakly- and Semi-Supervised Panoptic Segmentation
We present a weakly supervised model that jointly performs both semantic- and
instance-segmentation -- a particularly relevant problem given the substantial
cost of obtaining pixel-perfect annotation for these tasks. In contrast to many
popular instance segmentation approaches based on object detectors, our method
does not predict any overlapping instances. Moreover, we are able to segment
both "thing" and "stuff" classes, and thus explain all the pixels in the image.
"Thing" classes are weakly-supervised with bounding boxes, and "stuff" with
image-level tags. We obtain state-of-the-art results on Pascal VOC, for both
full and weak supervision (which achieves about 95% of fully-supervised
performance). Furthermore, we present the first weakly-supervised results on
Cityscapes for both semantic- and instance-segmentation. Finally, we use our
weakly supervised framework to analyse the relationship between annotation
quality and predictive performance, which is of interest to dataset creators.Comment: ECCV 2018. The first two authors contributed equall
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