Cultural variation of views on effective Crew Resource Management skills

While it is generally agreed in the aviation community, that effective crew resource management (CRM) skills are an indispensable condition for a safe and efficient flight operation, there seems to be a wider range of views on what behaviors constitute effective crew performance. Within a European project an evaluation tool for CRM skills called NOTECHS was developed with four categories: Co-operation, Leadership and Managerial Skills, Situation Awareness and Decision Making. In a study to examine its suitability as a standard for CRM skills in different European regions the cultural robustness of the method was tested. 105 instructor pilots from 15 different airlines representing 12 European countries participated. The participants evaluated crew behaviors in eight video scenarios with the NOTECHS method. According to variance analytical results, regional differences in Europe seem to affect the ratings of CRM-skills only to a small degree. Cultural differences are confounded with other background variables, such as English language proficiency, work experience, instructor experience and attitudes. These background variables seem to have stronger effects on views of effective CRM behaviors than culture per se. Results of the analyses are discussed with respect to cultural robustness of the NOTECHS method

Dipole trap model for the metallic state in gated silicon-inversion layers

In order to investigate the metallic state in high-mobility Si-MOS structures, we have further developed and precised the dipole trap model which was originally proposed by B.L. Altshuler and D.L. Maslov [Phys. Rev. Lett.\ 82, 145 (1999)]. Our additional numerical treatment enables us to drop several approximations and to introduce a limited spatial depth of the trap states inside the oxide as well as to include a distribution of trap energies. It turns out that a pronounced metallic state can be caused by such trap states at appropriate energies whose behavior is in good agreement with experimental observations.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures, submitte

Classes of generalized functions with finite type regularities

We introduce and analyze spaces and algebras of generalized functions which correspond to Hölder, Zygmund, and Sobolev spaces of functions. The main scope of the paper is the characterization of the regularity of distributions that are embedded into the corresponding space or algebra of generalized functions with finite type regularities

Prospective job analysis for the next pilot generation

To accomodate the expected growth of air traffic over the next two decades new operational concepts are currently under development, which will affect to some extent the job tasks and responsibilities of pilots and air traffic controllers. How will the operators perform in their potential new roles? Can we presume that they will easily be re‐trainable? Or will the job profile change to such an extent that it has to be considered already during the selection of the most suitable candidates? Especially for ab‐initio pilot and controller candidates selection decisions imply predictions of human performance for a longterm future. Therefore, a prospective analysis of job requirements is necessary to make sure that the selection battery is aligned with future roles and tasks. DLR has developed a simulation platform called AviaSim, which allows for low‐fidelity human‐in‐the‐loop simulations of potential future job tasks for pilots and controllers. Future scenarios are based on reviews of NextGen and SESAR concept papers and as well on “future workshops” with present job holders. In AviaSim we can examine the behavior of air traffic controllers working together in one scenario with up to eight pilots and additional experimental traffic. With eye‐gaze measurement, questionnaires and cognitive task interviews performance was analyzed in one en‐route and an arrival scenario. According to preliminarily findings future operators will need a higher degree of competence for operational monitoring, distributed teamwork, and time‐based operations. The simulation platform and the experimental setups are discussed in the paper

Ising model in a light-induced quantized transverse field

We investigate the influence of light-matter interactions on correlated quantum matter by studying the paradigmatic Dicke-Ising model. This type of coupling to a confined, spatially delocalized bosonic light mode, such as provided by an optical resonator, resembles a quantized transverse magnetic field of tunable strength. As a consequence, the symmetry-broken magnetic state breaks down for strong enough light-matter interactions to a paramagnetic state. The nonlocal character of the bosonic mode can change the quantum phase transition in a drastic manner, which we analyze quantitatively for the simplest case of the Dicke-Ising chain geometry. The results show a direct transition between a magnetically ordered phase with zero photon density and a magnetically polarized phase with superradiant behavior of the light. Our predictions are equally valid for the dual quantized Ising chain in a conventional transverse magnetic field

Topological properties of regular generalized function algebras

We investigate density of various subalgebras of regular generalized functions in the special Colombeau algebra of generalized functions.Comment: 6 page

Stabilization of the γ-Sn phase in tin nanoparticles and nanowires

Structures of Sn nanoparticles and nanowires are studied using density functional theory in conjunction with thermodynamic considerations. Besides the low-temperature α and room-temperature β phases, the high-temperature γ phase is considered. Results show that at ambient temperatures for sizes smaller than 50 nm, metallic β- and γ-Sn nanoparticles are more stable than semimetallic α-Sn ones because of their lower surface energies. Moreover, very small Sn nanostructures, exemplified by nanowires, are expected to exhibit the γ phase even at 0 K

Isomorphisms of algebras of Colombeau generalized functions

We show that for smooth manifolds X and Y, any isomorphism between the special algebra of Colombeau generalized functions on X, resp. Y is given by composition with a unique Colombeau generalized function from Y to X. We also identify the multiplicative linear functionals from the special algebra of Colombeau generalized functions on X to the ring of Colombeau generalized numbers. Up to multiplication with an idempotent generalized number, they are given by an evaluation map at a compactly supported generalized point on X.Comment: 10 page