Integer Linear Programming Optimization of Joint RRM Policies for Heterogeneous Wireless Systems

Wireless systems will be characterized by the coexistence of heterogeneous Radio Access Technologies (RATs) with different, but also complementary, performance and technical characteristics. These heterogeneous wireless networks will provide network operators the possibility to efficiently and coordinately use the heterogeneous radio resources, for which novel Joint Radio Resource Management (JRRM) policies need to be designed. In this context, this work proposes and evaluates a JRRM policy that simultaneously determines for each user an adequate combination of RAT and number of radio resources within such RAT to guarantee the user/service QoS requirements, and efficiently distribute the radio resources considering a user fairness approach aimed at maximizing the system capacity. To this aim, the JRRM algorithm, which takes into account the discrete nature of radio resources, is based on integer linear programming optimization mechanisms

Analysis of 5G-TSN Integration to Support Industry 4.0

Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) is becoming the standard Ethernet-based technology for converged networks of Industry 4.0 due to its capacity to support deterministic latency requirements. However, it cannot provide the required flexibility to support mobile industrial applications required for the factories of the future. This could be enabled through the integration of wireless technologies in factories, and in particular of 5G and Beyond networks since they have been designed to support ultra-reliable and low-latency communications. This has triggered significant interest to integrate 5G and TSN networks, and first frameworks for such integration have been defined. However, the work is at early stages and the solutions to effectively integrate the two networks so that 5G can support TSN QoS levels are yet to be designed. This paper discusses current research and standardization work on 5G-TSN integration, and quantifies for a closed loop control application the 5GS bridge delay. The paper uses an example based on 5G-ACIA [1] to discuss open technical and research challenges to effectively integrate 5G and TS

Joint radio resource management for heterogeneous wireless systems

Heterogeneous wireless systems are characterized by the physical coexistence of a variety of radio access technologies with different, but also complementary, technical characteristics and performance. A key aspect of heterogeneous systems is then the implementation of efficient joint radio resource management mechanisms. In this context, this paper presents and evaluates novel joint radio resource management techniques based on the CEA bankruptcy distribution rule. The proposed policies base their distribution decisions on the system conditions and the varying quality of service requirements present in multimedia scenarios. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed policies can efficiently distribute the radio resources with a low computational cost

On the Scalability of the 5G RAN to Support Advanced V2X Services

Cellular networks currently support non-safety-critical Vehicle to Everything (V2X) services with relaxed latency and reliability requirements. 5G introduces novel technologies at the radio, transport and core networks that are expected to significantly reduce the latency and increase the flexibility and reliability of cellular networks. This has raised expectations on the possibility for 5G to support advanced V2X applications, including connected and automated applications such as advanced ADAS services, cooperative driving and remote driving. At the radio access network (RAN), 5G introduces the New Radio (NR) interface that incorporates flexible numerologies and new slot formats, channel coding schemes, and radio resource management processes. Previous studies have reported latency values of 5G NR below 2 ms when considering scenarios with limited users in the cell and with unlimited bandwidth. Supporting advanced V2X services using 5G requires a scalable network capable to support a larger number of users without degrading the required service level in scenarios with potentially limited spectrum. This study advances the current state of the art with the evaluation of the scalability of the 5G NR RAN. As a case study, the paper evaluates the capacity of 5G RAN to support the latency and reliability requirements of the cooperative lane change use case as the network load varies. The results show that the capacity of the 5G RAN to support advanced V2X services depends on the system configuration, network load and service requirements. These results call for a careful design, configuration and planning of 5G networks to support V2X services.UMH work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCI), AEI and FEDER funds under Project TEC2017-88612-R, and the Ministry of Universities (IJC2018-036862-I)

Experiencias de aplicación de la simulación empleando software libre y gratuito en la enseñanza de las ingenierías de la rama industrial

[ES] En este trabajo se presentan las experiencias de utilización de software libre y gratuito llevadas a cabo por el Equipo de Innovación y Calidad Educativa ASEI (Aplicación de la Simulación en la Enseñanza de la Ingeniería) en asignaturas de las áreas de Ingeniería Química, Nuclear y Estadística que requieren la utilización de software de cálculo y herramientas de simulación. El software libre puede ser utilizado como una herramienta en metodologías docentes basadas en el uso de la simulación en el aula de teoría o bien como una forma de disminuir los costes en la enseñanza y aportar nuevos valores. Adecuadamente empleadas, las metodologías basadas en el uso de programas de simulación pueden estimular la capacidad de autoaprendizaje del alumno. En esta comunicación se muestran ejemplos del amplio abanico de aplicaciones de software que se pueden utilizar sin representar coste para la Universidad y posteriormente para la empresa.Santafé Moros, MA.; Gozálvez-Zafrilla, JM.; Navarro-Laboulais, J.; Cardona, SC.; Miró Herrero, R.; García-Díaz, JC. (2014). Experiencias de aplicación de la simulación empleando software libre y gratuito en la enseñanza de las ingenierías de la rama industrial. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 324-342. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/167124S32434

Study of slab on grade thickness for racking throughout Finite Element Method

[EN] In the current paper, comparative analyses between three procedures of calculation have been developed, in order to obtain slab on grade thicknesses when the slabs are loaded with racking posts. For this case, the classical expression of Westergaard cannot be applied directly because of the influence of the remainder posts and their proximity. Firstly, the comparative analysis has been done by means of bibliographical design abacus; in the second place, the slab is discretized with finite elements resting above the soil modelled with soil reaction springs; and in third place, a three dimensional solid finite element model represents the base and subgrade set. In the paper some innovative issues regarding the thickness performance and the grade slab interaction are developed. Finally, a series of graphical results are obtained allowing for the pre-design.[ES] En el presente artículo se realiza un estudio comparativo entre tres procedimientos de cálculo para obtener espesores en soleras de hormigón ligeramente armadas por retracción, con cargas debidas a estanterías. Las fórmulas para cargas aisladas de Westergaard no tienen para este caso una aplicación directa debido a la influencia del resto de soportes y su cercanía. El estudio comparativo se realiza en primer lugar mediante nomogramas de cálculo de la bibliografía; en segundo lugar, la solera se discretiza con elementos finitos y apoya sobre el terreno modelizado con coeficiente de balasto, y en tercer lugar, mediante elementos finitos tridimensionales sólidos que representan la base y la explanada, desarrollándose aspectos novedosos en el tratamiento del conjunto solera-terreno tanto en sus expresiones como en su interacción. Asimismo, se obtienen una serie de gráficas que permiten realizar predimensionados.Ferrer Gisbert, CM.; Ferran Gozalvez, JJ.; Torregrosa Soler, JB.; Sánchez Romero, FJ.; Redón Santafé, M.; Pérez Sánchez, M. (2016). Contribución al estudio de espesores de soleras de hormigón para cargas de estanterías mediante elementos finitos. Informes de la Construcción. 68(543):1-10. doi:10.3989/ic.15.093S11068543(1) Mecalux, S. A. (2011). Manual técnico del almacenaje. Mecalux, p. 155. Mecalux, S. A.(3) Westergaard, H.M. (1926). Stresses in Concrete Pavements Computed by Theoretical Analysis. Public Roads, 7(2): 25.(4) Pickett, G., Ray, G.K. (1951). Influence Charts for Concrete Pavements. Trans. ASCE, 116: 49.(5) Meyerhof, G.G. (1962). Load carrying capacity of concrete pavements. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers.Shentu, L., Jiang, D., & Hsu, C.-T. T. (1997). Load-Carrying Capacity for Concrete Slabs on Grade. Journal of Structural Engineering, 123(1), 95-103. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1997)123:1(95)(12) Fwa, T.F. (2006). The Handbook of Highway Engineering, p. 9-53. Taylor & Francis.(14) Ferrer Gisbert, C. (1998). Contribución al estudio de soleras de hormigón de industrias agroalimentarias mediante la técnica de los elementos finitos. Tesis Doctoral. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, pp. 164-166.Look, B. G. (2007). Handbook of Geotechnical Investigation and Design Tables. doi:10.1201/9780203946602(17) Ministerio de Vivienda. (2006). CTE-DB-SE-C. Cimientos, p. 123.(18) PG3. (2007). Pliego de prescripciones técnicas generales para obras de carreteras y puentes, pp. 229-238. Liteam Ediciones.(20) Winterkorn, H.F., Fang H. (1975). Foundation Engineering Handbook, p. 519. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.(21) PCA. (1966). Thickness Design for concrete Pavements. Portland Cement Association.(23) Escario, J.L., Escario, V., Balaguer, E. (1973). Caminos (Tomo II) Firmes de carreteras y aeropuertos, p. 982. ETSI, Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.(25) Australia T34. (1985). Concrete Industrial Floor and Pavement Design. Cement and Concrete Association of Australia.(26) Jofré, C., Vaquero, J.J. (2000). Manual de pavimentos industriales, pp. 60-63. IECA.(27) Wilson, E.L. (1999). Three Dimensional Static and Dynamic Analysis of Structures. Berkeley, California (USA): Computers & Structures, Inc.(28) Ferrer, C.M., Vallés, J.J. (1992). Apuntes de Construcción II. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia

Integrated System for Control and Monitoring Industrial Wireless Networks for Labour Risk Prevention

The FASyS (Absolutely Safe and Healthy Factory) project, aligned with the European Factories of the Future (FoF) concept, has been set-up to develop a new factory model aimed at minimizing the risks to the worker's health and safety, and guarantee their welfare and comfort in machining, handling and assembly factories. To this aim, ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) and wireless communication technologies in particular may represent very valuable tools to implement distributed and mobile sensing applications capable to continuously sense the working environment and the workers' health and safety conditions. The effective deployment of such applications in critical environments, like the industrial one, require the availability of a platform capable to monitor the operation and performance of the heterogeneous wireless networks that will connect the mobile sensors to remote control centers. This paper presents the platform implemented for this purpose in the context of the FASyS project. In addition to monitoring the status of heterogeneous wireless networks, the implemented platform provides the capability to reconfigure remotely the communication settings of wireless nodes based on possible malfunctioning or QoS degradation notifications. These functionalities will help guaranteeing the reliable and robust wireless communications required in industrial environments to implement innovative labor risk prevention applications exploiting ICT technologie

AL-FEC for streaming services in LTE E-MBMS

3rd Generation Partnership Project specified Application Layer - Forward Error Correction (AL-FEC) to be used for Enhanced Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services (E-MBMS) in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks. Specifically, Raptor coding is applied to both streaming and file delivery services. This article focuses on streaming services and investigates the optimum configuration of the AL-FEC mechanism depending on the signal-to-interference plus noise power ratio conditions. These configurations are compared with a scenario without an application layer protection to obtain the potential gain that can be achieved by means of AL-FEC. This article also studies the multiplexing of services within the AL-FEC time interleaving. These analyses were performed using a proprietary system level simulator and assuming both pedestrian and vehicular users. Different quality criterions were used to ensure the completeness of the study. Results show the significant benefit of using AL-FEC in E-MBMS in terms of coverage and service quality.This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science under the project TEC2011-27723-C02-02.Calabuig Gaspar, J.; Monserrat Del Río, JF.; Gozálvez Serrano, D.; Gómez Barquero, D. (2013). AL-FEC for streaming services in LTE E-MBMS. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking. 2013(73):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-1499-2013-73S1122013733GPP TS 25.346 V6.4.0, Introduction of the Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) in the Radio Access Network (RAN); Stage 2, 2005.Deng H, Tao X, Lu J: Qos-aware resource allocation for mixed multicast and unicast traffic in OFDMA networks. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 2012, 2012(195):1-10. 10.1186/1687-1499-2012-1953GPP TS 26.346 V9.5.0, Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS); Protocols and codecs, 2011.Shokrollahi A: Raptor codes. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 2006, 52(6):2251-2567. 10.1109/TIT.2006.8743903GPP TS 25.346 V7.5.0, Introduction of the Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS) in the Radio Access Network (RAN); Stage 2, 2007.Martín-Sacristán D, Monserrat JF, Cabrejas J, Calabuig D, Garrigas S, Cardona N: On the way towards fourth-generation mobile: 3GPP LTE and LTE-advanced. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 2009, 1-10. 10.1155/2009/3540893GPP TS 36.211 V.8.5.0, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical Channels and Modulation, 2008.3GPP TS 36.300 V9.1.0, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description, 2009.Monserrat JF, Calabuig J, Fernandez-Aguilella A, Gomez-Barquero D: Joint delivery of unicast and E-MBMS services in LTE networks. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting. 2012, 58(2):157-167. 10.1109/TBC.2012.2191030Alexiou A, Bouras C, Kokkinos V, Papazois A, Tsichritzis G: Wireless Multi-Access Environments and Quality of Service Provisioning: Solutions and Application, Multimedia broadcasting in LTE networks. Edited by: Muntean GM, Trestian R. Hershey, PA: IGI Global; 2012:269-289.Wang N, Zhang Z: The impact of application layer Raptor FEC on the coverage of MBMS. Radio and Wireless Symposium, 2008 IEEE 2008, 223-226. 10.1109/RWS.2008.4463469Gomez-Barquero D, Fernandez-Aguilella A, Cardona N: Multicast delivery of file download services in evolved 3G mobile networks with HSDPA and MBMS. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting. 2009, 55(4):742-751. 10.1109/TBC.2009.2032800Stockhammer T, Shokrollahi A, Watson M, Luby M, Gasiba T: Handbook of Mobile Broadcasting: DVB-H, DMB, ISDB-T and Media FLO, Application layer forward error correction for mobile multimedia broadcasting. Edited by: Furhet B, Ahson S. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2008:239–-280.Afzal J, Stockhammer T, Gasiba T, Xu W: Video streaming over MBMS: a system design approach. Journal of Multimedia. 2006, 1(5):25-35.Alexiou A, Bouras C, Kokkinos V, Papazois A, Tseliou G: Cellular Networks - Positioning, Performance Analysis, Reliability, Forward error correction for reliable e-MBMS transmissions in LTE networks. Edited by: Melikov A. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech; 2011:353-374.Munaretto D, Jurca D, Widmer J: Broadcast video streaming in cellular networks: An adaptation framework for channel, video and AL-FEC rates allocation. Wireless Internet Conference (WICON), 2010 The 5th Annual ICST 2010, 1-9.Bouras C, Kanakis N, Kokkinos V, Papazois A: Application layer forward error correction for multicast streaming over LTE networks. Int. J. Commun. Syst 2012. 10.1002/dac.2321RaptorQ technical overview, Qualcomm Technical Report 2010. http://www.qualcomm.com/instella_api/asset/3cd5b620-afea-012d-72bc-12313804dc61Mladenov T, Kim K, Nooshabadi S: Forward error correction with RaptorQ Code on embedded systems. Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), 2011 IEEE 54th International Midwest Symposium 2011, 1-4. 10.1109/MWSCAS.2011.6026424Calabuig J, Monserrat JF, Martín-Sacristán D, Olmos J: Comparison of multicast/broadcast services in Long Term Evolution Advanced and IEEE 802.16m networks. Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput. 2012. 10.1002/wcm.2229Jiang X, Zhu G, Wu W, Gao Y: Design of LTE E-MBMS Dynamic Scheduling Information. Wireless Communications Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM), 2010 6th International Conference on 2010, 1-5. 10.1109/WICOM.2010.56002103GPP TS 36.331 V.9.9.0, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Radio Resource Control (RRC); Protocol Specification, 2011.Alberi Morel M-L, Kerboeuf S, Sayadi B, Leprovost Y, Faucheux F: Performance Evaluation of Channel Change for DVB-SH Streaming Services. Communications (ICC), 2010 IEEE International Conference on 2010, 1-6. 10.1109/ICC.2010.5502523WINNER + IMT-Advanced Calibration: Guidelines, software and results. 2009. http://projects.celtic-initiative.org/winner+/WINNER+%20Evaluation%20Group.htmlBrueninghaus K, Astely D, Salzer T, Visuri S, Alexiou A, Karger S, Seraji GA: Link performance models for system level simulations of broadband radio access systems, in Proceedings of 16th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC). Berlin, Germany 2005, 4: 2306-2311. 10.1109/PIMRC.2005.1651855ITU-R M.2135, Guidelines for evaluation of radio interface technologies for IMT-Advanced. 2008. http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-r/opb/rep/R-REP-M.2135-2008-PDF-E.pdf3GPP TS 36.101 V.9.10.0, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception. 2011.Rong L, Ben Haddada O, Elayoubi S-E: Analytical Analysis of the Coverage of a MBSFN OFDMA Network," Global Telecommunications Conference . IEEE GLOBECOM 2008. IEEE 2008, 1-5. 10.1109/GLOCOM.2008.ECP.4593GPP TSG-SA WG4 S4-100861, Relation between MBSFN area and intended MBMS service reception area, 2010.3GPP TR 36.213 V.9.3.0, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical layer procedures, 2010

D6.3 Intermediate system evaluation results

The overall purpose of METIS is to develop a 5G system concept that fulfil s the requirements of the beyond-2020 connected information society and to extend today’s wireless communication systems for new usage cases. First, in this deliverable an updated view on the overall METIS 5G system concept is presented. Thereafter, simulation results for the most promising technology components supporting the METIS 5G system concept are reported. Finally, s imulation results are presented for one relevant aspect of each Horizontal Topic: Direct Device - to - Device Communication, Massive Machine Communication, Moving Networks, Ultra - Dense Networks, and Ultra - Reliable Communication.Popovski, P.; Mange, G.; Fertl, P.; Gozálvez - Serrano, D.; Droste, H.; Bayer, N.; Roos, A.... (2014). D6.3 Intermediate system evaluation results. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/7676