La etica implícita en la transmisión de conocimientos

El proceso de transmisión de conocimientos es complejo; incluye procesos lógicos, estados emocionales y comportamientos socioculturales. Las diferentes formas de saber crean una imagen del mundo que influye en lo que cada hombre es. En el texto se analizan las situaciones éticas implícitas en la educación cotidiana. Enseñar con una postura dogmática -tanto en ciencia como en ética- conduce a aceptar una sola imagen del mundo, y, por lo tanto, impide vivir con lo diferente. Discrepar con la imagen predominante e imitar lo que fortalece la conciencia son sendasEl proceso de transmisión de conocimientos es complejo; incluye procesos lógicos, estados emocionales y comportamientos socioculturales. Las diferentes formas de saber crean una imagen del mundo que influye en lo que cada hombre es. En el texto se analizan las situaciones éticas implícitas en la educación cotidiana. Enseñar con una postura dogmática -tanto en ciencia como en ética- conduce a aceptar una sola imagen del mundo, y, por lo tanto, impide vivir con lo diferente. Discrepar con la imagen predominante e imitar lo que fortalece la conciencia son senda

The ELAIS Deep X-ray Survey

We present initial follow-up results of the ELAIS Deep X-ray Survey which is being undertaken with the Chandra and XMM-Newton Observatories. 235 X-ray sources are detected in our two 75 ks ACIS-I observations in the well-studied ELAIS N1 and N2 areas. 90% of the X-ray sources are identified optically to R=26 with a median magnitude of R=24. We show that objects which are unresolved optically (i.e. quasars) follow a correlation between their optical and X-ray fluxes, whereas galaxies do not. We also find that the quasars with fainter optical counterparts have harder X-ray spectra, consistent with absorption at both wavebands. Initial spectroscopic follow-up has revealed a large fraction of high-luminosity Type 2 quasars. The prospects for studying the evolution of the host galaxies of X-ray selected Type 2 AGN are considered.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, To appear in Proceedings of XXI Moriond Conference: "Galaxy Clusters and the High Redshift Universe Observed in X-rays", edited by D. Neumann, F.Durret, & J. Tran Thanh Va

Formación y vocación universitarias

El planteamiento central es que la formación univer-sitaria en las ciencias instrumentales debe ser un espacio que posibilite la armonización del conocimiento instru-mental, socioambiental y humanístico; así se rompería con la predominancia del conocimiento hiperespecializado, ya sea abriéndose a la complejidad, la interdisciplina o la transdisciplina; a la vez que, en el centro, estaría lo humano como integrante con responsabilidad de lo social y ambiental. Para ello González considera importante que el universitario se reconozca en su condición social, personal y contextual como ciudadano no limitado a la profesión que se cultiva, en un horizonte de acción en el presente para el futuro y en un contexto incierto, ante lo cual debe asumir su responsabilidad.Secretaría de Educación Pública-Subsecretaría de Educación Superior-Dirección General de Educación Superior Universitaria. Número del convenio con la SEP: 2018-15-001-017

Firefighters Versus Law Enforcement Officers: A Comparison Of Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Firefighters (FF) and law enforcement officers (LEO) have heightened cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk due to the stressful nature of their occupations. Data suggest that 45% of on-duty FF fatalities are related to CVD, while LEO have a 1.7 times higher CVD prevalence compared to the general public. To our knowledge, studies comparing FF to LEO, in terms of CVD risk factors, have not been published. This information is necessary to better understand differences in occupational disease risk, as well as to help bridge the gap between stress and CVD markers. PURPOSE: To compare CVD risk biomarkers, fitness, and body composition between career FF and LEO. METHODS: Ninety-eight career, structural male FF (age = 35.1±9.6 yrs; weight = 94.3±15.4 kg; height = 178.4±13.2 cm) and seventy-three career male and female LEO (age = 41.4±9.0 yrs; weight = 92.3±16.8 kg; height = 179.6±8.1 cm) from local fire and police departments were studied. Participants completed a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPXT), where VO2max was estimated from the Foster equation. Fasted blood samples were collected to assess biomarkers of CVD risk: advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and cortisol. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess body composition and waist and hip measures were taken. Shapiro-Wilk Test was used to assess normality. Independent sample T-tests or non-parametric Mann-Whitney U tests (if normality was violated) were used to assess differences in CVD risk biomarkers, fitness, and body composition between the FF and LEO. Effect sizes were calculated as Cohen’s d (i.e., small [0.2-0.5], medium [0.5-0.8], large [\u3e0.8]). RESULTS: Firefighters had higher (p\u3c0.05) CPXT exercise times (FF: 10.9±1.6 min; LEO: 10.3±2.0 min; d=0.366) compared to LEO. While not statistically significant (p=0.64), FF had higher VO2max values (FF: 38.2±6.6 ml/kg/min; LEO: 36.2±6.2 ml/kg/min; d=0.306). Firefighters also had higher (p\u3c0.05) AOPP (FF: 134.8±90.1 mM; LEO: 106.8±67.6 mM; d=0.342), blood cortisol (FF: 14.2±5.0 mg/dL; LEO: 12.5±5.6 mg/dL; d=0.325), and waist-to-hip ratios (FF: 0.95±0.06; LEO: 0.89±0.08; d=0.792). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that while FF demonstrated greater CPXT time-to-exhaustion they also expressed greater levels of stress and risk for CVD compared to LEO

Computational core and fixed-point organisation in Boolean networks

In this paper, we analyse large random Boolean networks in terms of a constraint satisfaction problem. We first develop an algorithmic scheme which allows to prune simple logical cascades and under-determined variables, returning thereby the computational core of the network. Second we apply the cavity method to analyse number and organisation of fixed points. We find in particular a phase transition between an easy and a complex regulatory phase, the latter one being characterised by the existence of an exponential number of macroscopically separated fixed-point clusters. The different techniques developed are reinterpreted as algorithms for the analysis of single Boolean networks, and they are applied to analysis and in silico experiments on the gene-regulatory networks of baker's yeast (saccaromices cerevisiae) and the segment-polarity genes of the fruit-fly drosophila melanogaster.Comment: 29 pages, 18 figures, version accepted for publication in JSTA

Left ventricular diverticulum, a rare echocardiographic finding: Two adult patients and review of the literature

Congenital diverticulum of the left ventricle is a very rare cardiac abnormality characterized by a local embryological development failure of the ventricular muscle. It may present as an isolated disorder or may be associated with other cardiac abnormalities. Clinically, it has been reported that it can lead to chest pain, arrhythmias, cardiac rupture, and sudden death, although frequently the course is asymptomatic. This article presents two illustrative cases of left ventricular diverticulum. The diagnosis was made by two-dimensional echocardiography and was confirmed by cardiac catheterization. There were no other thoracoabdominal or cardiac abnormalities. The patient was asymptomatic and surgical resection was not indicated. Given the few cases reported in the medical literature, the information available is scarce; hence, physicians should be trained to make the appropriate diagnosis

The effects of high-intensity interval training on glucose metabolism, cardiorespiratory fitness and weight control in subjects with diabetes: systematic review a meta-analysis

Aim: The objective of this meta-analysis was to explore the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) compared with control conditions (CON) or moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) on glycemic parameters in diabetes subjects. Methods: Pubmed, Embase and Google Scholar databases were searched for HIIT interventions that were carried out in diabetic subjects and exploring fasting glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin and/or HOMA-IR. Results: This systematic review retrieved a total of 1741 studies of which 32 articles fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Nineteen trials were included in the meta-analysis since they compared HIIT intervention with CON or MICT group. There was a significantly reduction of fasting glucose of 13.3 mg/dL (p < 0.001), Hb1Ac -0.34% (p < 0.001), insulin -2.27 UI/L (p = 0.003), HOMA-IR -0.88 (p = 0.005) in the HIIT-group compared with CON-group. Nevertheless, this reduction was not significantly different when comparing HIIT with MICT (p = 0.140, p = 0.315, p = 0.520 and p = 0.389). Besides, there was a significant increase of absolute VO2max of 0.21 L/min (p < 0.001) and relative VO2max of 2.94 ml/kg/min (p < 0.001) in the HIIT-group compared with the CON-group and the MICT-group (0.22 L/min, p = 0.025) and (0.97 ml/kg/min, p = 0.045). Conclusions: These findings revealed that HIIT intervention led to significant improvement in glycemic control and insulin resistance in subjects with diabetes compared with CON-group